The experience is
true because it is based upon the ways as initiated by the feminist. The
social-science perspective ideally relates to pornography because it is
suggested as a big platform to introduce the high-hostile aspect in detail. The
experiments have introduced the rape-prone mindset mostly in men rather women.
The increased levels of aggression are necessary to produce according to my
experience when a man faces certain types of pornography perspective.
The increased
levels self-reported mode in the male platform is trickier indeed in such way
that is recommended with normal groups. The intention of such way described by
the writer was proved with the nationwide boycott of Deep Throat film in 1980.
It proved that college-aged males are more open towards rape cases rather the
female part of the society. The adult books and videos stores are also there
and have large customer basis because the same percentage as explored by the
author proved the visitors ratio as well.
The openness of
the intention of males according to given percentage as suggested by the author
cannot address issues in social class, community class and most important at
racial class. The desire towards these acts was high from the time when the
Pornography included in the pleasure perspective at law level. The law was not
present at that time when there was aggression about activities listed in
college-age males as it shown in differentiation strategy. The Civil-rights Ant
pornography Ordinance is the only solution according to my perspective so that
there should be rift between different activities most importantly activities
of adult nature. The less expose towards adult content whether a college
student or not, can enhance the nature of experiences with adult content and
automatically it can negate the voice of rape mindsets in society.
2.
What advantages the European posses that enable them to dominate the rest of
the world after 1492?
The
era after the 1492 was considered as the golden era or the era of the discovery
in the entire history of the Europe. The significant factors that the Europeans
have after the 1492 from the system of the colonization is that they were able
to know the socio-economic benefits, which are the necessary factors for the
civilized nations of that time such as the British, Spanish, France, Greek and
other colonies.
The
Europe was the centre or hub of the global trade network in all over the world.
The trade in the entire world was gateway from the Europe after the 1492. The
sea route in this perspective played the great role in achieving the great
advantage than the rest of the world. The sea route provides the channel of
trade that was considered the most suitable at that time. The markets of Asia,
North America and the South America were tapped by the Europe through the sea
route (Kennedy, 2012).
The
Europe was truly the riches of the world as compared to the other countries.
Not only the economic benefits by the Europe but also many social or health
benefits were achieved in possessing the water resources. For an instance, the
water was sued by the inhabitants for their physiological needs and the daily
routine tasks. The water resources in the contemporary settings have many
advantages for the Europe. The resources of the water are maintained by the
many areas of the Europe through which the trade, agriculture and the
transportation system is used from the resources of the water.
The
precious metals especially by the Portuguese were the main source of the profit
generation of the Europeans nation after the 1492. The land was also the source
of the revenue in a great way, which was sold at the highest prices to the rest
of the world. The trade took place at that time was in the form of the solve
labor. The huge amounts of the slaves were captured by the Europeans from the
American and other colonial societies at that time.
The next important advantage the
Europeans gains were in the form of the agriculture, the agriculture was the
dominating source of the economic resource. The fields, crops of the textiles,
corn, edible oil, tea and the other useful crops that were the necessary part
of the livelihood were captured. The Manchester is considered as the hub of the
agricultural crop, which is the cotton, nylon and other substances especially
in the textile sector (Crosby, 2003).
While
discussing the industrial advantage, the Europeans were among the top list
after the 1492. The industrial era was in control of the Europeans and they
started to produce the textiles and the food products at the highest pace. The
production skills in the food, textile, furniture, material and cottage
industry were the specialty of the people of the Europe. the food industry is the rapidly growing
industry in today’s world in the regions of the Europe. the foods and beverages
have the enormous advantage for the people of the Europe.
The
concept of the corporate sector is derived from those golden eras of the
European divisions. The industry in the Europe in the contemporary world is the
biggest growing industry in the world. The automobile industry, the retail
industry and the telecommunication industry are the main components of the industrial
advantages that the Europe gained after the 1492.
The
technological advancement ultimately was another advantage possessed by the
Europe at those times, which until now are the source of the competitive
advantage for the Europeans groups. Especially in the medical sciences, the
great innovation was took place for the benefit for the social cause of the
people and the benefit of the source that is possessed by many country. There
were diseases among the people of the Europe, therefore many cure or medicines
were invented by the Europe in order to make their people health and live the
active or healthy lifestyle (Blaut, 1992).
The
next important advantage the Europeans possessed at that time after the 1492
was the political leadership style. The Europeans were able to know how to
effective managing of the things and the people in the most remarkable way. The
administration skills were the core advantage gained by the Europeans in the 15th,
16th and the 17th centuries. Therefore, the Europe is the world’s
best government running states as compared to the rest of the world. The
political issues are managed in the Europe in the most professional and the
transparent way.
5.
What did the Stanford prison experiment reveal about the human nature? In your
opinion did the conditions of the experiment effectively replicate the real
world situation, or was its artificial nature responsible for the deviant behavior.
The
Stanford prison experiment was conducted by the Philip ZIMBARDO a psychology professor
in the Stanford University to testify the behavior of the prisoners in the jail
while imposing the authoritarian positions to the prisons of the guard. The
experiment has the relation with the human nature, as this experiment is
associated to the authority styles implanted by the navy, military officials
and the government officials in the state. The nature of the human or the
cognitive dissonance theory is directly linked with this experiment.
The
human nature depicts that the stress mentally bear by the human beings through
the continuous abuse or harassment is due to the contradictory in the core
beliefs of the human from the beliefs, which are imposed on the human nature. If
the authority style is harsh for treating the human beings it leads towards the
various demerits in the psychological conditions of the human nature, which are
at sometimes very difficult to recover.
The
extreme conditions due to the authoritative style, which abuse to the human
beings, mental pressure and the harassment, can cause the ultimate hazardous
outcomes to the life of the normal human being. The human beings if face the
inconsistency which is the part of this experiment is also not according to the
main if ideology of the human nature that we study in the psychology (Hergenhahn, 2013).
In
my opinion, the Stanford prison experiment cannot implemented in the practical conditions.
The first reason is that the unethical behavior or the action that were the
core part of this experiment cannot imply to the real or the practical life. The
second major reason or the criticism in the experiment is the extreme behaviors
such as the mental torture , abusing actions from their authority, cases of
harassment, physical violence and the physiologically damaging actions were
more than the certain boundaries.
The
restrictions, which have crossed all the boundaries, were also accepted by the
professor Philip ZIMBARDO who was the main originator of this experiment (Hergenhahn, 2013). The professor admitted
himself that the actions or the behaviors were out of his control too at many
stages of the experiment. The guards were judged in the experiment that they
have the natural tendency to show the hard behavior or one can say that the
strict authoritative powers.
The
prisoners were judged in the experiment based on the traumatized them
emotionally or affection ally. The experiment has one stage in which the five
prisoners were moved out of the jail in order to prevent their death, which is
the extreme case in this experiment. The professor committed that he allowed
all the unethical behaviors in the experiment.
He
also admitted the fact the guard in the experiment were so absorbed in the
experiment according to their desired roles. Similarly the prisoners and the
professor himself was engaged to the role assigned to them in the experiment abut
it was becomes very difficult to conclude the right findings of the experiment (KONNIKOVA, 2012).
By
looking all these facts mentioned in the above discussion and the important
aspects of the cognitive dissonance theory or the authoritative measures are
against the practical implications of the Stanford prison experiment. In the
real world or the practical life, the human beings are not being treated in
this harsh way according to the choice of the authority.
The
nature of the experiment as well as the unethical concerns of the experiment
makes one able to think with the clear frame of mind that the scientific
control is not the elementary condition of the situations. Like in the
government controlling the public matters, the management controlling the staff
or the employees in the corporate world and the military officials controlling
the enemies are not valid in this case. The observations in the real life are
objective in nature and the subjective in nature.
However,
this factor is clearly defining that the subjective nature of the framework in
the experiment is the critical point in the entire experiment. When we analyze
the practical implications or the real life examples, the objective thinking
abilities and the conceptual framework in the behaviors and actions are the
main things that must be considered (Workman,
2014).
Therefore
looking at the above mentioned factors the Stanford prison experiment it is
proved that the conditions of the experiment are not effectively replicate the
real world situation, or was its artificial nature responsible for the deviant
behavior in the entire experiment.
Question 11
There is lot of
apprehension right now about China rising to become America’s main strategic
rival. How realistic do you think this challenge is?
The
United States of America has been in the limelight for many years due to its
technology advancements, strong economic condition, and huge financial
resources. The super power is having different business operations in all over
the word, and dominating with its products and services due to quality and
differentiation. However, there are many
countries, which are doing international trade with each other and even with
the United States of America. Interestingly, the United States of America is prominent
regarding its business and technology success, which makes it different from
other countries. (Johnson, 2016)
On the other hand, China is prominent due
to its low cost of production, which is the main reason to become a prominent
rival of the United States of America. This is a fact that different countries
are conducting diversification in the China to have cheaper labor, distribution
and supply chain cost to come up with the lower process. In result, this is
observed that the investment in China has been increased I recent years, which
is good for this country to come up as a strong strategic rival due to stronger
economic condition and higher financial resources.
Apart with business, there are many
consequences regarding this rivalry. For instance, The China is containing
developments in different aspects such as technology, military, economic,
society, and diplomacy. This is a big thing to worry for the United States of
America, as Asian giant is looking to beat the power in next few decades. (Reynolds, 2015)
This is a fact that relation between these
two countries is ambiguous due to culture differences and intentions regarding
making relations with other countries.
This is observed that China is considering much investment on its
military. This is the result of big financial resources due to economic
stability in this country, which has let this country spend more money on its
military operations. This is all about to make the county safe like the United
States, which is the base of the success of both, the business and protection. (Smith, 2016)
The big advantage that this country has as
compared to the United States of America is the production of different
products and services in low marginal cost. This is a fact that cost of
production in the United States of America much higher than China, which
compels the country to come up with the high process in the international
market. Regarding China, the world is looking forwards to start the business
with the United States of America to have low-cost products. (Tweed, 2015)
This is the key aspect, which is realistic
and needs to be considered by the United States of America and other countries
are well. Furthermore, an interesting aspect is that China has covered all Asia
with different trade agreements with different countries. Few years back, the
United States of America was in the limelight in this region due to
diversification. This is a fact that China is becoming a big rival of the
United States of America due to different economic corridors with neighbor
countries. (Johnson, 2016)
These economic corridors and collaborative
military operations are hindering the success of the United States of America
in Asia. This has to be considered the China is becoming a big and main rival
of the United States of America due to its potential and key resources that the
United States of America do not have. This is also to consider making this
challenge realistic that China is less dependent on other countries regarding
different industries such as oil, Gas, and textile.
The challenge seems realistic due to strong
economic position in this country. For instance, due to strong economic
position, it has expanded its investments in different countries and came up
with low-cost products to beat the big giant, which is the United States of
America. China is looking to expand inst international trade and investments to
meet with its strategic interests due to its potential, which is making it the
big rival of the United States of America. (Reynolds,
2015)
Interestingly, the global role of China has
been changed due to its intentions regarding the military, business, and
strategic relations. For Instance, China is a nuclear power in this world,
which makes this challenge more realistic. The role of China in the world will
be directive in next few decades due to sustained economic and strategic
developments.
In addition, this will be tough for China
to beat the United States of America early, as it contains monopoly in many
business aspects and markets. This is a fact that the United States of America
is losing its faith in different Islamic countries due to its wrong strategic
decisions. The diplomacy of this country has not been up to the market in
previous years as compared to China. Comparatively, the China has a good
potential to come up as a great diplomatic country to retain and sustain
long-term relationships with other countries. (Smith,
2016)
These were all aspects and possible reason,
which make this challenge more realistic. The word has been changed, as
technology advancements have let different countries reduce the cost of
production and invest money on defense. China is increasing its power due to
huge financial and economic resources. This is a big thing to worry for the
United States of America, as it is also losing its strategic relations with
different countries. China is the only country, which can come up with greater
credibility as compared to other companies. (Tweed,
2015)
14.
What are potential dangers socially, economically military, that mankind faces
from overdependence on technology
Answer
14.
The paper specifically associated
with the description of overdependence on the technology that reveals the
potential dangers of military, economically and socially as well.
The over dependence on the
technology, the man kind faced certain challenges in the socially economically
and military as well. The overdependence
on the technology reveals challenges in the socially. The technology and
society provides the indication how the values and cultural sustenance changes
with the passage of time. The synergic
relationship has been identified when the society attach with the technological
developments. The technology and human life cannot be separated and recognized
as co dependence on the technology. The advance in the technology changes life
of the community. The genetic
engineering in the society also prevails the challenges in the society. (Thefulcrum.ca, 2011)
The human uses technology in the
form of business accumulations, learning and development and communication to
live comfort in the society. There are
certain impacts created towards the impact of technology that increases the
environmental pollution with the advancement in machinery at production houses.
Due to increase in number of production, the companies face challenges in the
increase in number of demand of goods and services; in this regard the company
utilizes the formation of technology by entailing high machinery of production.
Such machinery of production reveals wastages and emission of CO2 gases in the
environment. This shows that increase in the environmental challenges also
indicates the issues for the society as well. (Thefulcrum.ca,
2011)
Lack of sustainability solutions is due to
increase in technology poses challenges for the environment as well as society,
when the mankind face sever disease due to environmental impacts. Therefore overdependence on the technology
people focus on utilizing the social media wither by physical activities where
the society involves in the major disease by lack of physical games.
The advancement in computer
technology revolutionized workplace and reveals innumerable advances in
education system. The invention of new technology reduced the mental capability
of the individual to generate their outcome in essential and adequate
manner. The knowledge destruction also
posed the major issues towards the over dependence on the technology. (Jackson, 2007)
One of the most important and
significant impact of overdependence on the technology are issue of jobs and
unemployment as well. Due to increase in
utilization of machinery for the reduction of labor force derives potential
danger over the unemployment for the association of economically
stability. Heavy machinery in the
production houses eliminates the work force. Modern technology like computers
and micro chips reduce the use of mental abilities of human.
Towards the utilization of high
machinery in the production reduce number of production jobs in the agriculture
sector. In addition to such machinery
also increase the values of the economic but increasing exports for positive GDP. But reduction in employment rate due to
advancement in technology has severe impact on the economic stability.
The overdependence on the technology also
poses certain potential dangers on the military for the execution of warfare
and other purpose as well. The
application of militant arguable and overdependence on the technology creates
negative impact like manufacturing of atomic bombs as well as destruction of
mass weapons.
The production of such weapons
for the military purpose enhances the credibility of the country bust reveals
bad impact on the society towards the warfare’s. The overdependence on the technology is more
powerful social forces towards the consolidations of aspiration of freedom as
well. The impact of technology
indicates the complete destruction of possibility of humanity. There is growing
continuity in capacity of militants indicates for the development of nuclear
technology as well as nuclear warheads proliferation among the society.
This reveals the major
challenges in the potential danger of overdependence on the technology of
execution of nuclear technology. In addition to this, science postulates the
major developments of accurate destruction of targets of enemy and lessened the
damages of unintended towards the population of civilization. Cruise missiles
as well as smart bombs reduced the components of human war for some degree. The overdependence on the technology reveals
the major danger over the military by increase in number of weapons where the
criminal cases in the society.
Thus to sum up all discussion about the
potential danger of overdependence on the technology has severe impact over the
militants for the execution of warfare’s and other development of nuclear
developments as well. The potential
danger towards the dependence on the technology of militant reveals the
characters of hands of terrorist organizations or a military as well. The
overall study reveals the major consolidations of overdependence on the
technology and its disadvantages that are prevailing in the society,
economically and militant as well. (Jackson,
2007)
References:
Bensi, L.,
Giusberti, F., Raffaella Nori, R., & Gambetti, E. (2010). Individual
differences and reasoning: A study on personality traits. British Journal of
Psychology, 101 (3), 545-562.
Blaut, J. M.
(1992). 1492: The Debate on Colonialism, Eurocentrism, and History.
Africa World Press.
Crosby, l. W.
(2003). The Columbian Exchange. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Hergenhahn, B.
R. (2013). An Introduction to the History of Psychology. Cengage
Learning.
Kennedy, D.
(2012). Cengage Advantage Books. Cengage Learning.
KONNIKOVA, M.
(2012). The Real Lesson of the Stanford Prison Experiment. Retrieved May
4, 2016, from newyorker.com:
http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/the-real-lesson-of-the-stanford-prison-experiment
Workman, L.
(2014). Evolutionary Psychology. Cambridge University Press.
Conerly, B. (2014). The Danger Of A Big Customer: G T
Advanced Technology’s Bankruptcy. Retrieved May 4, 2016, from
http://www.forbes.com/sites/billconerly/2014/11/25/the-danger-of-a-big-customer-g-t-advanced-technologys-bankruptcy/#91b16f551caa
Jackson, B. A. (2007). Breaching the Fortress Wall:
Understanding Terrorist Efforts to Overcome Defensive Technologies. Rand
Corporation.
Thefulcrum.ca. (2011). The dangers of technology.
Retrieved May 4, 2016, from http://thefulcrum.ca/features/the-dangers-of-technology/
Johnson, S.
(2016, April 19). China’s ‘Bants’ set to rival America’s ‘Fang’ tech stocks.
Retrieved May 4, 2016, from FT.Com:
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/3/d1ba5940-057e-11e6-9b51-0fb5e65703ce.html#axzz47gaJW9MI
Reynolds, B.
(2015, September 1). The Economics of U.S.-China Rivalry. Retrieved May
4, 2016, from China US Focus:
http://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/the-economics-of-u-s-china-rivalry/
Smith, D.
(2016, April 19). Next US president faces fraying ties with China amid
anxieties over country’s rise. Retrieved May 4, 2016, from The Guardian:
http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/apr/19/china-military-economy-chinapower-website
Tweed, D.
(2015, October 27). U.S. Rivalry With China Heats Up Over Key Asia Shipping
Lane. Retrieved May 4, 2016, from Bloomberg:
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-27/u-s-steps-up-china-rivalry-in-asia-shipping-lane-with-patrol
Suppose you are consulting with a labor union that is bargaining for higher wages. Explain to the Union leaders how a large increase in wages may actually have the effect of lowering the incomes of union members. What specific economic measure would this depend on?
Labor Unions are legal bodies, which are constituted through various processes, represent group of employees or workers. The core objective, of any labor union, is to negotiate/bargain (collective bargaining) on behalf of the workers, regarding their wages and rights. Labor unions mostly use strikes as an instrument to mount pressure on management to accept the demands of a Union.
By keeping in consideration prevailing economic conditions (global and domestic), I would advice labor union to not to assert or mount pressure for higher wages. This is because the increase in the wages would be reflected in cost of production and the price of a good produced and the increase in wage would also be used as pretext by other labor unions to increase pressure for higher wages.
As mentioned earlier, the increase in wages would be reflected in cost and if all labor unions started to demand higher wages and were able to increase wages (on macro/national scale), cost-pull inflation would occur. This would not only increase prices of goods and services, but this would also decrease output. In addition, because of the cost-pull inflation, real income would decrease. However, this also depends upon the difference in the size of increase in over-all wages (on macro level) and increase in cost-pull inflation. For instance, If the increase in cost-pull inflation is greater than increase in nominal wages, the real income would decrease.
Suppose a U.S. firm is considering moving production facilities to another country with wages considerably less than what the firm pays in the U.S. (that is, the firm is “outsourcing” its labor – the product will be sold in the U.S.). There has been no change in the demand for its product, so the firm will produce the same level of output in either country. Explain, using isocosts and isoquants, why the number of jobs “lost” in the U.S. will likely be smaller than the number of jobs “gained” in the low-wage country. Will labor productivity be higher or lower if the firm moves its plant?
According to the studies, developed countries are capital-intensive countries, which means that the size of capital is larger than labor in labor/capital ratio (K/L). The data also reveals that developing countries are labor intensive countries, which implies that the size of labor is greater than capital, in labor/capital ratio (K/L). This can explained through Iso-quant, which depicts labor capital for both an economy and an organization.
(a)
(b)
The Figure (a) shows K/L ratio of a developing country, which is identified as labor intensive economy. The next figure (b) is depicts the capital/labor (K/L) ratio of a developed country, in which use of capital is greater than the employment of labor for the production of good or service.
As the mobilization of resources, both financial and technological, have become simple; therefore, organizations are increasingly shifting their operations or outsourcing their production. Statistics reveal that because of the shifting of production operations or manufacturing to labor-intensive economies result little unemployment in developed countries, like US, as these economies are capital intensive economies, which imply that more capital is being used than labor. However, because of outsourcing of production to developing economies, employment generates on large scale, because of the labor-intensive nature of economies.
From the evidence it is evident that labor productivity of US is higher, which means not only fewer labor units would be required to produce an output, but also quality of the output would be higher.
This immediate impact, because of the shifting of manufacturing operations to labor intensive country, would be that organization would be able to buy more labor of units without expanding its budget. The iso-cost below depicts the increased access to more units of labor.
In many beach resorts on the East Coast of the United States, business is brisk in the summers but slow in the winters. In summers, resort rentals are sold out at high weekly rates, but in winters they are only partially rented at much lower rates. If you were to calculate expenses and revenues on a monthly basis, you would almost certainly find these resorts with revenues greater than expenses in the summers, and expenses greater than revenues in the winters. How come these resorts don’t just shut down in winters?
If we carefully study the statement and the information, regarding business, which has been provided, we immediately identifies that Summer and Winter represents short-run. In addition, from the study of economics we know that an organization would remain operation, in short-run, as long it is covering its variable cost. If these resorts are covering their variable costs in winter, they will remain operation. However, if they are not able to cover their variable cost in winter, they organizations will shut down their operations. In addition, these resorts must be making zero economic profit, which is why these resorts have not left the industry.
Suppose a firm is operating at a point where MRTSLK > w/r. Explain how this firm could increase its output without changing its total costs.
The Marginal Rate Of Technical Substitution describes the change in inputs, Labor or and Capital, (increase or decrease), while maintaining same level of output. However, in this case the Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution is greater than the slope of units of labors and capital (Change in Capital/Change in Labor).
The scenario suggests that by changing an input (L/K), which has higher productivity, the output could be increased. This increase in the output would not require additional financial resources to by that resource or input.
In this
movie, one can see that there are various lessons to become a better human
being. A better human being is someone who never loses hope and always is
trying to improve. Mainly Luke Shapiro
provides good lessons for the viewers.
Hardworking
The hardworking
character is Luke Shapiro because he was selling marijuana to help himself in
studies and college. It was an incident in the movie when he returns home to meet family and parents;
he saw they are quarreling over the issue
of money. Afterward, he started to
transaction more marijuana for earning high amount of money. He worked harder
to earn money to keep family safe in future from poverty and possible eviction.
Therefore, one can observe the true hardworking character of Luke Shapiro. One
can learn many things from this particular character, and the biggest lesson is
hard work.
Lust
In the
movie, one can observe that Luke Shapiro was in love with Stephanie Squires. On
the other hand, it is imperative to understand that she was not in love with
clean-hearted Luke Shapiro; she only has lust. In the scene where they are
making love, only Luke actually feels love, so she is just “making lust”. It is observed that she did not respond with
affection to him and just fulfilled her lust and negative desires.
Caring
Another feature of Luke was his
caring behavior. It was an important
attribute of Luke Shapiro in the movie. He was very focused and caring to his
family. In most of the scenes, one can observe that he tries to make them proud
of him. He was worried about their situation, so he sold marijuana at that time
to rescue his family. He also rescued the doctor from suicide.
Anger
One can observe the disappointment factor in the ending half of the
movie where Doctor Squires was feeling
disheartened and demotivated due to some family issues. He was angry because of the extreme pain and tensions. Anyhow, he did not fight with Luke. In my perspective,
it was not a great behavior, and he should not behave like that in those
particular scenes. Luke was familiar with the real cause and meaning of the
life, and he motivated him to for life. In addition, the anger factor cannot make you excel in
life.
Directions: Type your answers. Submit your answers on D2L, and print and
bring to class. Answer the questions in complete sentences using your own
words.
Chapter 5: Freedom and Privacy
1. Why did Judge
Clark’s opinion in Sidis v. F-R Publishing Company not mention the First
Amendment? (1 point)
There was the matter of the privacy, as the
people have the concern about their privacy, or they had the private life, said
by the Clark. There was the weakness in the American privacy law, the law or
the standards have the private information about the about the strong tradition
of the First Amendments freedom, however, the press cannot explain about the right to publish and
interpret about the thrust people. There was the matter of the privacy and over
explore the internet, based on this reason the law has struck between the
matter of the privacy and the media exposure (Lewis,
2010, pg.61).
2. Which interests did
the judge balance when reaching his decision in the SIDS case? (2 points)
Page#62
The judge was deeply interested in the case;
there was the freedom of speech. However, while reaching to the decision, to
balance the case the privacy by the publication concerned; however, it was the
public matter, about the privacy concern so the sidis in court remains the
dominant, the judge balance by saying leaves it to press, because it is public
life and the matter of a public interest. In the court, there two matters were
focused, right of the speech, public, and freedom of the press. So that there
could balance before taking the right decision (Lewis,
2010, pg.62).
3. What did the ruling
in the Sidiscase mean for public figures and the press? (1 point)
Page#73
A ruling for Sidis case means that first
time in the country, there was the right given, to prevent the publication
about someone’s life, or what one is doing, however, the matter was of the
general or public interest. While considering the case, the first amendment was
also considered, however, there is right to know about the interest of the
public, there are the constitutional rights to access the news. It is the
choice of the public and press that what they wanted to see and as there should
be free dimensions of the news and information (Lewis,
2010, pg 73).
4. Do you think that
applying this standard to all public figures (such as famous people like
William James Sidis) instead of just government officials serves the original
purpose of freedom of the press? Why or why not? (2 points)
In my point of view, there is the need to
give the equal rights to all the people, the famous people like Sidis and the
other governmental officials should be treated in the same way. As it is, the
right of all the people to be given equality, however, whenever public figure
and press concerned, there is a need to give the freedom of speech and freedom
of media explore so the things could balance. As we have studied that media
should be given right because it is the public matter, therefore there is need
to set standards for all (Lewis, 2010, pg 62).
5. In the case of
Bartnicki v. Vopper, how does Justice Breyer argue that the right to privacy
actually encourages and protects free speech? (2 points)
The case of the Bartinicki v. Vopper, who have
recorded about the labors while they talking about the teachers. The laws were
implemented on them because it is wrong to record something without someone’s
permission. However, freedom of speech and freedom of the press was augmented
by the Breyer, argued that right to privacy are there and in this way free
speech can be protected. However, the judge of the case or the Supreme Court
were against, as they think that it is a criminal act to leave someone, who
recorded the voices because it is the matter of the privacy (Lewis, 2010, pg 75).
Chapter 6: A Press Privilege?
6.In the case
Branzburg v. Hayes how did the U.S. Supreme Court hold on the issue of whether
a reporter has the right to refuse to testify? (1 point)
Page#83
A testify before a grand jury allowed the
reporter to be compelled, as in the case of Branzburg v. Hayes the government
does not show the substantial relationship because the case was complicated and
the court believe that it was a criminal conduct, as the confidential
information was not protected. The Supreme Court take the charge, the court
refuse the reporter privilege, the article was written on the Kentucky drug
Hashish, the shield law was not implemented, and the protection against was not
given by the state court (Lewis, 2010, pg.83).
7. Why do journalists
continue to claim that there is a press privilege even after the Supreme
Court’s decision in Branzburg? (2 points)
The journalist was on right because they
know that no decision is taken in their favor, it is the right of the press to
have the freedom, they did the contract with the citizens, who had created, the
use of the drugs. Branzburg, think that their activity is legal and take the
promise that not to reveal the identities. However, the Supreme Court takes the
decision or charge against, that things should not be hidden from the Court,
however, the journalist in this way claim the press that the decision of
Supreme Court was against them (Lewis, 2010,
pg.83).
8. What are shield
laws and in which courts do they apply? (1 point)
There are the laws created for the benefits
of the reporters and the media, however, the shield laws are the legislations
that are designed to protect the reporters; it is the right of the reporter
that he should have the freedom of choice. He can argue to government and
Supreme Court if the legislations are not given to him. However, the privilege
is given to the reporter in this way, as he can refuse to testify the
information. Most of the States have the shield laws, under which the reporters
are protected. U.S Supreme Court implement on the shield laws (Lewis, 2010, pg 91).
Reader Questions (2
points)
What questions do you
have after reading these chapters? Were there concepts that you did not
understand or ideas that you would like to discuss in more detail? Write down
at least two questions to share with your classmates:
After reading the chapters, I have
understood the rights that the reporter and media have, as no one can challenge
media, a reporter has the power, until and unless government laws support them.
However, the questions could be:
If there are the Shield laws, then why not all courts use
them?
Why there are no set regulations on the encouragement of the
privacy or free speech?
Reference
Lewis, A. (2010). Freedom
for the Thought That We Hate. Basic Books.
The
applications of biomaterials that are being used in the biomedical are
classified into following:
Cardiovascular Medical Devices
Tissue
Engineering Scaffolds
Ophthalmologic
applications
Biosensor
and Bioelectrodes
Burning
dressing and skin substitute
Sutures
Drug
Delivery System (DDS)
Dental
Material
Cardiovascular
Medical Devices:
Heart valves,
endovascular stents, vascular unions, stent joints
and other cardiovascular unions are typical therapeutic devices in
cardiovascular applications Unmistakable polymers and metals with or without
covering can be associated with this grouping (titanium,
polytetrafluoroethylene et cetera (Rouse &
Mark, 2010).
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
Tissue outlining
is championed among the most basic ways to deal with fulfill tissues for repair
or substitution applications (Ramakrishna, 2011).
Ophthalmologic applications
Vision
impedance/low vision, visual lack, refractive screw up (Myopia and Hyperopia),
astigmatism, presbyopia, waterfalls,AMD (known as age-related macular
degeneration) , vital open-edge glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy are ordinary
ophthalmologic infections. To upgrade the life of these patients, various
additions have been associated (Teng, Zhanga,
Yaoa, Shenb, & Ratner, 2014).
Biosensor and Bioelectrodes
Bioelectrodes are
the form of the biosensor, which helps to transmit the signals or information
outside and inside the body. There are electrodes, which are being monitored
for the electric event that occurs in the human body. For example, an electrocardiography,
electromyography, and electroencephalography are the classifications (Ulery, Nair, & Laurencin, 2011).
Burning
dressing and skin substitutes
It is a very
useful application for patients because the skin is the most sensitive and
large part of the body. Therefore, the need of skin substitutes relying upon
wound profundity is felt (Rouse & Mark,
2010).
Sutures
The suture is any
strand of material that is utilized to ligate veins or surmised tissue.
Ligatures are utilized to accomplish hemostasis or to close a structure to
counteract leakage Silk, nylon, polyester, cotton, polypropylene, ultra-high
sub-atomic weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), stainless steel and manufactured
absorbable polymers, for example, polyglycolic
corrosive (PGA), p-dioxanone (PDO) and so forth are the principle materials
that are utilized as sutures yet (Teng, Zhanga,
Yaoa, Shenb, & Ratner, 2014).
Drug
Delivery System (DDS)
Medicate
conveyance frameworks presented as details or instruments, which empower to
control the discharge rate of an organic operator (particularly a medication)
in the objective site (Ramakrishna, 2011).
Dental
Materials
Helpful materials
have been utilized as tooth crowns and root substitutions.
One or both surfaces may have been subjected to some pre-treatment or molding
with an etchant or groundwork that, bury alive, may have adjusted surface porosity. Dental bonds can be characterized to:
Conventional
acid-base cement (zinc oxide powder and
50% phosphoric acid)
Poly-electrolyte
cement(zinc oxide and poly aqueous acrylic solution)
Resin
modified glass ionomer cement(ionic carboxylate
and polymerizable methacrylate groups
Dual-setting resin based cement( composed of aromatic
elements)
Summaries of the Articles
The article is
portraying the several of the large quantity shows potential vicinity in
medical research, plus regenerative/restorative medication and preparation
freedom, are enabled by the progress of entering biomaterials. Classified
medicinal information is worn in roughly every category of experimental and
community fitness research. The diverse investigate the state of affairs elevate diverse realistic, principled, and
permissible issues. In addition, with
these challenges come of complementary the probable risks allied with the exercise
of private statistics against the budding recompense that strength be expanded
from the research. Model biomedical equipment
bodies of people in cooperation the natal belongings looked-for to work
together with cellular (Patel, 2010). The
Later article would reflect the idea Environments,
as well as the physical and chemical properties required for the desired applications.
The second article is about the biomedical applications of
polymer-composite materials: a review. It is for reviewing the situation of
organs and change in organs. Detailed compensations of by means of
polymer-composite biomaterials in preferred submissions are also decorated. The
term paper also scrutinizes the serious questions and systematic confronts that
necessitate additional investigate and expansion of polymer composite supplies
for their amplified reception in the biomedical engineering. On the other hand,
it is talking about the application of the specific concept. It is the major point of this journal. The coming article would describe the association
of this article with this one.
The third article is providing the main concept of
manufacturing and it is very valuable in the process of engineering and
biomedical. We assess the equipment that has been urbanized for stereolithography, in addition to their utility
in the biomedical pasture. The philosophy of procedure of the process is
argued. The subject and topics like chemistry, mechanical properties and
dreadful conditions activities of constructions put together by stereolithography are measured; in particular
with observe to their submission as an implantable mechanism. The biomedical purposes are ongoing and one can understand
that it requires such a great advancement. The upcoming article would reflect
such arguments in comprehensive behavior.
This article is portraying the amazing facts of the
biomedical sciences. Opposite involuntary belongings
and extremely consistent porosity are imperative material goods for handkerchief
manufacturing gibbets. Biomedical
sciences have the very strong link with the biomaterials as well. Furthermore,
it helps to understand that application of almost every science in the medical sciences. The biomedical
sciences have the huge impact on the plants and nature as well. On the other hand, a good number to be had hydrogen gibbets
go through beginning underprivileged emotionless material goods restraining
their relevance. The Later article is
describing the strong link with this specific article about tissue engineering.
The last article is about consumption of specific substances
as biomaterials have to enormous amount influence the development of up to date
pills. The conformist merged substances, which slow down malfunction, may be
well thought-out. The first age band self-healing equipment portrays come
within reach of that “stop the progress of” and “fill” damage. On the other
hand, the second-generation self-healing equipment
endeavors to “fully reinstate” the
pre-failed textile configuration. Exclusively, specific substances
biomaterials with the intention of are environmental make available the
momentous improvement of a living being
able to be not working downstairs and unconcerned behind they comprise serve
their occupation. The Later article is
describing the strong link with this specific article about tissue
engineering.
Key Questions
The key questions are about the applications of the Biomedical as well. What is Biomedical and
what extent would be the end for the implementations of the Biomedical? What is the usage of biomedical
applications in biomaterials? The Biomedical applications are going to
implement in new ways and what would be the latest ways of handling latest
applications.
Final Critique
For
this situation, the cement liquid might be drawn into the strong surface layers
by slender activity. The nearness of an appropriate liquid between two solids
extraordinarily improves the potential for intermolecular constrain
communications at each solid–fluid limit. Medicate conveyance frameworks are an
interface amongst patient and medication. These reasons were among essential main thrusts that prompted to the
introduction of the field of CDD known as “controlled medication
conveyance”. Profound skin wounds
because of profound cuts, blazes or deploring wounds can bring about critical
physiological unhinging, open the body to a danger of systemic contamination,
and turn into an existence undermining issue. In the case of vascular pathologies, stents, and vascular join is used.
In
the end, it
is only basic to note that it just in laying out the stage, kind of produce and
biomaterial assurance depending upon the target organ and its cells that can be
affected by the convincing application. Therefore, these are the best ways to
operate in the field of Biomedical and these above-mentioned
biomedical applications are very useful.
Reference
Patel, K. (2010). Materials for
Biomedical Applications. Material Matters, 5 (3), 55-87.
Ramakrishna. (2011). Biomedical
applications of polymer-composite materials: a review. Composites science and technology , 1189-1224.
Rouse, J. G., & Mark. (2010). A
review of keratin-based biomaterials for biomedical applications. Materials , 999-1014.
Teng, W. J., Zhanga, Q., Yaoa, K.,
Shenb, T. T., & Ratner, B. D. (2014). A tough, precision-porous hydrogel
scaffold: Ophthalmologic applications. Biomaterials
, 8916-8926.
Ulery, B. D., Nair, L. S., &
Laurencin, C. T. (2011). Biomedical Applications of Biodegradable Polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B: POLYMER
PHYSICS, 49, 832-864.
VIC Tour 1.1: Introducing Virtual Learning
Environments And Gamification
The advancements
in the realm of technology have given birth to new realities and utilities,
which are facilitating individuals and corporations. The corporate sector has
employed new technological instruments, tools and utilities to benefit from.
One of such applications, of technology, is virtual tours of location and
places. These tours are close to reality, giving real-time experience to those,
who are interested in location. Real Estate industry, which is a very lucrative
and strong industry, has also employed this technology to facilitate clients, as
they can provide virtual tour of locations and buildings, through virtual
modes.
Game Engines
have created sophisticated technological instrument, which provide a virtual
tour to its clients, of campus. This allows clients to inspect campus/location
and they have direct access to evidence; does not have to rely on marketers’
provided evidence, which may be tempered. The article also asserts that video
galleries serve the corporate cause better than image galleries. The article
also discusses in detail the components, which are used for the development of VICTour, which include,
Renderer, Game Physics, Lightning, Graphical User Interfaces and Head Up
Displays (HUD) etc. The objective, of creating this system, remains to be convincing/persuading
clients.
Relating Facts
The findings of this research could be applied favorably to InnCampus
Tech’s service ex, in the manner by
executing technological application like ‘360º touring virtually’ in an
interactive revolutionary approach, the university campus from every angle or
aspect of every site including apartments of campus as well they might benefit
from applying virtual tour for
dormitories. The technological tool like ‘VICTour
1.0’ as a solution that would solve all the issue or problems through virtual
tour through interactive approach like information of the location, content of
the liner, locations which are fixed, the spots which are blind and most
importantly the interactivity would be managed through effective ways including
apartments into their website.
In both
situations, technology has been employed to give additional or provide
close-to-reality experience to clients that are interested in certain
real-estate, campus or building. In both situations, the objective is to
benefit (through corporate activity), by providing additional information or
virtual tour. However, the difference is that in Inn-Campus Tech scenario, the
corporate plan has been developed or matured full and this may be the reasons
that Inn-Campus Tech is facing challenges after implement their corporate
design. The issue would be regarding the corporate design, which may have
flaws, as it seems that it has only focused on summer, when dormitories are vacant and provide opportunity for companies like Inn-Campus Tech.
Question: What are
the biggest risks to small and medium businesses when it comes to cyber
security and their day-to-day business?
Answer: It is
very imperative to understand that the advancement of technology is
facilitating the businesses and people at home as well. In the same way, the
advancement of technology is bringing some risks to businesses in the modern world. Although
there are variable and various solutions of it, in addition, one would like to
talk about some of the biggest risks to small and medium businesses about cyber
security in dealing with day-to-day business. The first threat to the small and
medium business would be unhappy employees; these employees could be from Information
technology department. They can easily interrupt the cyber system of the
business or can interfere with wrong
practice in day-to-day business. On the other hand, the second risk would be
the careless employees. One can understand that careless employees could make
things worst at a time for you and
businesses. It is very important to keep the system secure and updated on the
regular basis. In the same way, the data theft has become the major issue for
the small and medium size businesses and people are quite worried about this
aspect. The data could be theft by the mobile devices and it is one of the
major concerns. Therefore, it is very necessary to control these types of
issues as well. On the other hand, it is quite important to view that third
party services could be the source of the cyber
threat. In other words, the third-party
service providers could damage the cyber data for their own interests. The
cloud applications could be the major threat for small and medium size businesses.
These are some of the biggest cyber threats for the businesses. It is important
to take steps to avoid these great cyber risks.
The
Netflix is the worlds’ renowned premium service for a subscription that captures no less than 13 million premium
subscribers in its target market around the globe. The cores services of the
Netflix includes the DVD provide at the online or the flat rate, discs of the blue ray categories, rental of movies through
the mail and the opportunity of live
streaming of the videos for the US as
well as Canadian customers only. According to the core positioning of the
premium subscription services of Netflix and integrated with the target market,
there is three personas of the brand.
Persona 1The youngsters, which are professional
The Various Buyer Roles
The
roles of the buyers in this persona include the adaptability of this new
strategy from the professionals, which are young for the unique concept of the VOD.
The users of the mobile are targeted according to the needs in terms of the
cellular markets that would integrate the model of the delivery of VOD. The
specific services like the VOD, the young professional would definitely put their
money or the investment in an adequate manner.
The needs and situational triggers for the service
The Netflix new strategy of mobile networks
could make a potential problem solution for the young audiences who have the
passion for the entertainment through videos, movies, DVDs at low rental rates
and the enriched lives streaming videos would consider the needs and
situational triggers for the service of the choices.
Creating Messaging Objectives for Smm
Campaign
The
objectives based on the purpose for this persona includes the contents, which
are protected from being copied in the enriched videos DVD, which is, create messaging objectives for our SMM
campaign.
Optimal Target Market
The
breakdown of the optimal target market from broader to the specific personal
includes the individual customers or the couples having the age range between
21-35; The population, which constitutes the 27% of total population of the Los
Angeles and finally the people who have the earnings of $55,000 and more are
included. The reason for choosing this strategy of optimal target campaign is
the core message to the specific segmentation would deliver appropriately,
while ignoring the risk of the rational approach of interaction.
Persona 2 The income households fall in the upper-medium social class
The Various Buyer Roles
the role of the various buyers in
this persona would target the people who are critical to take decision for
consuming the services of the Netflix which are the medium class of income of
households for the online rental concepts of the DVDs according to their
capacities while placing orders of DVDs.
The needs and situational triggers for the service
The
core needs of this medium class are the largest selection of the various titles
of DVDs, videos, videos at the fixed
cost allowing the company to do the personal merchandising strategy to satisfy the customers would
consider the needs and situational triggers for the service of their choice.
Creating Messaging Objectives for Smm
Campaign
The
goal of the campaign would be the convenience, fastest mode of the delivery of
the DVDs, online videos while allowing
the accuracy to the orders fulfillment that would definitely increase the
numbers of subscribers.
Optimal Target Market
The
breakdown of the optimal target market from broader to the specific personal
includes the age range of the individuals between the 34-54, the population
which constitutes the 28% of the total population of the Los Angeles and
finally the customers having income more than $85000 in a single year. The
reason for choosing this strategy would be capturing the overall target
customers in a single message.
Persona 3 Baby Boomers
The Various Buyer Roles
The
buyer’s role in this persona of the baby
boomers is included the decision-making
skills would include an increase in the
accessibility of DVDs that could be watched instantly and the flat rates while
catering the more range for the live streaming videos.
The needs and situational triggers for the service
the
core needs of the baby boomers persona would be not depending on the new versions
of DVDs that released regularly while use the online subscription DVDs services
at the very reasonable prices consider the needs and situational triggers for
the service of their choice.
Creating Messaging Objectives for Smm
Campaign
The
ultimate goal or the core objective of this campaign would be the availability
of the rental DVDs, videos online while maintaining
the pricing tactics that would target the retired customers.
Optimal Target Market
The
breakdown of the optimal target market from broader to the specific personal
includes the population with the age range between 54-64, customers, which
would constitute the 7% of the total population of the Los Angeles, and finally
the customers who are retired from the professional life. The reason for choosing
this strategy would be targeting the untouched segments of the marketplace
through the message.
The
Rickenbacker inland port is a well-reputed mufti-mode a gigantic hub or network
of logistics, transportation, and distribution network. The unparallel destinations
strategy including Ohio valley, for Canadian customers and the US while serving a grand air base as a forwarder of freight, consolidation networks,
and providers of logistics. The concept was begun after WWII in 1942, the place
served as the facility of an air base for
the air force, which eventually transformed for the civilian consumers. In 1985
Rickenbacker, inland become a hub for the cargo after that in 1993 the forward
air acquired the first location of the Rickenbacker inland port, which afterward transformed into the international
network of logistics (rickenbackerinlandport.com,
2016).
Primary Services
The
services provided from the Rickenbacker inland port are the ground
logistics-network handling or ground services, the international airport
services are also included as core services under this company, the services of
the flight from one destination of the globe to the other. The aviation services for the customers using the
consolidated premium services approach, the transport of the horses and the
livestock are included. The services of trucking as a feeder to transport or road as a daily
routine, the provider of services of rail along with international logistics
park is included. For trucking services, the 10-hour drive is the distance
between many transportation terminals of US and Canada while providing the
efficient time management in supply chain.
The Primary Customers and Partners
The
primary customers of the Rickenbacker inland include the major logistics
network companies in the industry for the US
as well as Canadian commercial or domestic customers, transportation commercial
users, major airlines such as the Cargolux, FedEx, Mountain air cargo, Etihad
cargo, Ohio network, UPS, and the Atlas air. They carry 4 million tons of the
cargo in one single year in freight or logistics network (Rickenbackerinlandport.com, 2016).
Specialized Certifications
The
Rickenbacker inland has the expertise or certifications international bodies of
standardization such as ISO and international council of logistics network. The
transient aircraft certifications for the services providers The company makes sure that the unparallel services in the
logistics network, flights between countries, logistics services through
trucking and rail are provided the multi-dimensional channels especially for
the US as well as Canadian customers.
Organization’s Activities and LOGISTICS
The
Rickenbacker inland claims that safety, security and the maximum level of
discipline in logistics network, the great first impression in flights services
are provided, the quick and efficient response to
the customer’s complaints are included to
take more than 50 million customers satisfy per year. The activities of the organization
are integrated perfectly as we have studied in the field of logistics management
that services of Rickenbacker inland are supported from the premier inclusions
of freight, transport, and third party outsourcing networks. The strategies of
the customer-focused are implemented in the business model of the Rickenbacker
inland.
A summary of observations
We
have found during our tour that the latest revolutionary technological machines
such as cargo machines, modern crafts used in the aviation, freight machines, fully equipped trucks, airplanes, and
road feeders. The workers or the service providers are the highly skilled
workers or workforce that professionally operates the distribution management
along with the third party and the materials such as the resources of rail,
trucking, handling of flights through carriers and buildings of the
Rickenbacker inland are well furnished as well.
Overall Impressions
The
overall of an impression of mine while
touring two or more places from the Rickenbacker inland was unbelievable and
outstanding is analyzed. They are the premium services in the logistics, flight, and transportation network since the
company is dedicated to delivering the best-in-class services especially for the
international airport’s flights
networking for passengers, the customized or differentiated services of aviation,
and the global park of logistics.
Faro Logistics Solutions Inc
A brief History of the Company
The
Faro Logistics Solutions Inc was founded back in 1988 as rangers model of
freight where the warehousing of inventory along with the services of
transportation was the initial focus since there was no concept of the
cargo, freights, the airline services or transportation technological machines
as now. The company is now a well-reputed firm in logistics industry having the
variety of functionalities in the supply chain management. The vice president
of the company has almost the 100 years of experience in the solutions for the
logistics from FARO Inc (Farousa.com, 2016).
Primary Services
The
core services of the Faro Logistics Solutions Inc are the transportation network
of logistics in the multiple varieties includes the container services of
pick-up at the yard of the rail, the management of the CY. The drops services
of the trailer, the consolidation services of the freight, the services of the deconsolidation such as the domestic purpose,
air or the ocean. The other primary services of the Faro Logistics Solutions
Inc are comprised of the dangerous shipments of the cargo networks management, storage,
as well as handling of the food products.
The Primary Customers
The primary customers of the Faro
Logistics Solutions Inc include the commercial firms in the various fields such
as the Rickebacker air base, retailer
companies, services, or industrial sector such as corporate section banking
industries for the customized supply chain. The warehouse management, fulfilling
the solutions of the SCM, the best in class quality in freight or
transportation services of 3PL for the individual customers is analyzed. The
day and night shipping covering freights for goods in more than space of half a
million for goods (Farousa.com, 2016).
Specialized Certifications
The
specialized certifications, publications and the expertise from the service
providers of the Faro Logistics Solutions Inc are incorporated in a manner that would include from the global logistics
council awarded the top logistics network working as third party organization.
The projects are taken or completed in the versatile operations management
processes along with the creative designing of the supply-chain management
solutions. The fulfilling of the warehouse’s
services for the premium clients including the bonded networks of the
warehouses are included.
Organization’s Activities and LOGISTICS
Te
activities of the organization are well
matched with the perfect analytical model for the logistics we studied in the academic background which include the
transactions such as the EDI or electronic data interchange, the effective system
of the supply chain management delivering the customized or high-quality solutions for the clients of the
Faro Logistics Solutions Inc.
A Summary
of Observations
The
overall observations during the tour related the work environment or operations
management efficiencies are analyzed such as the machines, which are highly
integrated towards the inventory style of reporting, the flexibility approach
in the updated pick-up machines of the goods in shipping process that would
effectively deliver the required set of merchandise to the final destinations. The workers are purely professional as
far as the Faro Logistics Solutions Inc is concerned since they are committed
to providing the best services to the
customers, maintain the repute of the company using the technological resources,
as the relationship with clients to
strengthen the value of the company in the eyes of the external parties. The
materials used in the company guaranteed the high-class values, the best in class
experience through the quality services. The buildings are developed on the
state of the art framework of architectural design especially the shipping
modes for the goods occupied the space.
Overall Impressions
The
overall impression about the tour from the Faro Logistics Solutions Inc was truly
very amazing in a sense that warehousing, supply-chain management services are delivered
from the best third party logistics network that is paramount in experience and skills. The management of the freight, while the solutions in the delivery of a
shipment of goods are according to the 3PL quality strategy, is analyzed.
References
Farousa.com. (2016). FARO.
Retrieved October 29, 2016, from farousa.com: http://www.farousa.com/
Rickenbackerinlandport.com. (2016). Rickenbacker
Inland Port. Retrieved October 29, 2016, from rickenbackerinlandport.com:
http://rickenbackerinlandport.com/en/
Cancers
are equipped with a unique ability to develop resistance against the
traditional therapies hence, more and more research and development in
treatment methods are required on regular basis due to their ever increasing
ability to prevail. The paper describes various mechanisms that are adopted by
the cancer cells to resist the treatment and therapy methods. These mechanisms
include drug metabolism and transport, amplification and mutation of the drug
targets.
This also includes genetic rewiring of that can lead to apoptosis of impaired
nature. This research paper also provides the current knowledge of various mechanisms
that enable the resistance to drugs such as repair of DNA damage, alteration
of drug target, drug inactivation, EMT and metastasis and drug efflux. The
paper also outlines how these cancer cells inherit heterogeneity and what role
it has to play in their resistance development.
In addition to this some of the resistance, I
develop into multidrug resistance which further worsens the situation for the
clinical methods to tackle the issue. In this paper,
we have also discussed multiple insights in order to understand various
processes that can impact the next generation of cancer therapies and
treatments. In the end, the paper
concludes the discussion on the best treatment options that can be used to reduce
the drug resistance nature of the cancers and their cells and this can give
positive direction to the research and devilment in this area.
Resistance
to drugs is a very common phenomenon which is enabled within the diseases when
pharmaceutical treatments and therapies have no effect on the infected cells. The
ideology was first brought to the world when bacteria became drug resistance to
certain antibiotics but after that, a
similar issue was detected within the other disease cells and one of them was
cancer as well. There are a number of methods to tackle the drug resistant
issue which will be elaborated in the following text. In the year 1961, Frei
and Freireich introduced a method in which a combination of four drugs each
with high dosage was applied for the purpose of treating pediatric leukemia. There
were known threats that were associated with the high dosage of all four drug
combination however, the treatment were
very much successful and the leukemia cells did not return (Ahmad, 2014).
However, the success did not last for
long and there were plenty of cases where the patients relapsed. In fact, the
redeveloped cells were more vigorous in nature and the developed cancer cells
displayed no response and the cells invaded the brain blood as well and since
then there is not much development that has been made as the disease continues
to colonize other body organs and are developed into a more vigorous form as
well. However, in the recent times, there
have been a number of cases where the cancer cells have been treated successful
especially in the cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia and chronic myeloid
leukemia. There are a number of success stories of pediatric leukemia as well
as testicular cancer and Hodgkin’s lymphomas (Akhdar,
Legendre, Aninat, & Morel, 2012).
Epigenetic
modifications, which have the tendency to affect carcinogenesis, are one of the
most important sets of mechanisms that
have a crucial role to play in causing the cancer resistance. The major kinds
of epigenetic variation include histone modification through methylation or
acetylation or with DNA methylation. The process of DNA methylation involves
binding of methyl groups for the purpose of cytosines in the regions
which are known as CpG islands at CG dinucleotides. These are found in the promoter regions of the
upstream gene. On the other hand, the
histone modification includes the opening
of chromatin while DNA methylation or deacetylation
closes the chromatin. However, the epigenetic modification can be reversed and
this can be used to counter the ability of the cancer cells to develop
resistance (Chen, 2014).
Many of the treatments and mechanisms
are influenced by epigenetic variations. Many still believe that these methods
are developed from the four drug combinations that were used in the early
1960s. These epigenetic modifications can also have a positive influence on damage
repair of DNA. The enzyme that is used for DNA repair shows the disintegration
of the cancerous cells using the alkylating agents of chemotherapy. The cells of human breast cancer can also
display resistance to drugs and therapies using the epigenetic changes and
these mediated forms are also observable in other forms of cancer as well. For
example, the cells of melanoma are nonresponsive
to chemotherapy and they have the tendency to develop resistance to fotemustine
(Dinsa & Melesie, 2014).
Epigenetics have a major role to play
in cancer stem cells and their growth. Hence focusing on addressing this issue
can reduce the relapse of cancer. It is very much reasonable to speculate that
a normal trigger can initiate the growth of the cancerous cells. Hence,
reversing the epigenetic modification can reduce the formation of the
progenitor cells hence, reducing the relapse chance. Nevertheless, the design
and development of the drug to treat cancer have to be fully effective and for this, a better understanding of the mechanisms by
which the cancer cells can be cured and their further growth can be stopped. There
are a number of treatments that can be used for this purpose. These treatments
include the mutation of extracellular receptors, modification of drug transport
as well as mutation and amplification of drug targets (Eid, El-Readi, Fatani, Eldin, & Wink, 2015).
There are number o0of other methods
that care used by the medical experts and will be provided in the following
text. Therefore, the reversal of the epigenetic modifications has a major role
to play in stopping the growth and development of the progenitor cells and the
primary focus of all the medical treatments should be in this area. This will
prevent other body parts as well to develop any formation of invaded cells and
will permanently halt their production within the body. This is the reason why
the medical experts now tend to focus on the epigenetic modifications that
contribute a lot towards the relapse of the progenitor cells. This is a better way to adopt the treating methods for
relapsing cancer (Foo & Michor, 2014).
Acquired
resistance, as well as primary resistance,
may result from the variations that have been
developed due to drug metabolism such as improved detoxification and
sequestrations or even due to drug target alterations. Drug metabolism
is probably the most researched part of drug resistance and this includes
detoxification, uptake, and efflux. The
selection of the medium that is used to enter the drug into the cells
completely depends on upon the chemical
nature. It majorly facilitates the usage of receptors which are bound and
transferred without entering into the cells or they may use the transporter to promote cellular entry (Housman, et al., 2014).
At this stage, extracellular receptors
are smoothened by the reduced expression the transporters that can be used here
include nucleoside transporter or folate transporters. However, this can
negatively influence the uptake of the cyclopamine and various other drugs
including toxic folate analogs like methotrexate and nucleoside drugs like cytarabine.
However, the enhanced drug efflux can increasingly cause frequent expression of
membrane transport using ATP binding cassette. For the purpose of exerting the
cytotoxic effects, anti-cancer drugs have
to go for metabolism activations. To understand this concept considers
cytarabine which is also known as AraC. Cytarabine is a nucleoside drug that is
very commonly used in the therapies and treatments of acute myelogenous leukemia
(Hu, Li, Gao, & Cho, 2016).
Cytarabine facilitates the initial
phosphorylation through deoxycytidine kinase to cytarabine-monophosphate that
frequently phosphorylated the cytarabine triphosphate.
For reducing the effects of the drugs, these cancer cells develop a form of
resistance by decreasing the activation and triggering of drugs and their
effects. This takes place either by down-regulation
or the mutation the enzymes that are present in the metabolic pathways. The
metabolic pathways in the case of cytarabine are deoxycytidine kinase. The
inactivation of the drug may also have a
major role to play in the development of
drug resistance. For instance, these mechanisms also include the conjugation of
drug to GSH. GSH is a powerful anti-oxidant which protects the cells in case of
any devastating effects of the highly reactive oxygen species (Koushik, Rao, Kumar, & Karthikeyan, 2016).
The conjugation of drug to GSH and to
platinum drugs including cisplatin and oxaliplatin
can be used in curing the cancer cells and can also be used to substrate for
the ATP binding cassette transporters and this improves the performance of the
drug efflux treatment and its outcomes as well. The binding of the platinum
drugs particularly cisplatin to metallothionein which is a tiny protein rich in
cysteine can also be used as another type of method that can be used as inactivation
of the drug. Many of the cancer cells tend to develop an over dependency on an
oncogene which can also be named as an addiction
of oncogene. Focusing on these types of oncogenes may allow development of new
techniques in targeted treatments as well as therapies. The most common
examples of these targeted therapies include trastuzumab which focuses on human
epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2), imatinib which targets the ABL/BCR
tyrosine kinase in CML and gefitinib as well as erlotinib that focuses on
epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (Koushik,
Rao, Kumar, & Karthikeyan, 2016).
The
resistance to one drug may develop into the resistance to other drugs as well
and this is another important feature of drug resistance to looking at. This can be understood with help of
an example of loss of a drug transporter might direct the structurally complex
compounds that use this transportation or in other words, the ATP-binding cassette transporters may get
elevated by the resulting therapy and this can directly influence the efficacy
of all other compounds as well. As the poor chemotherapy response can directly
be influenced by multidrug resistance phenotypes the development of techniques
can be used to overcome the underlying issues. Hence the drugs that are not
recognized by the transporters completely avoid efflux as well as inhibitors (Liu, 2009).
However, resistance doesn’t go useless
here the alternative technique to treat the drug progeny uses and emphasizes through
Darwinian selection procedure which is to identify the base where the
resistance to first provided drug initiated a hypersensitivity to the cytotoxic
agent alternatively. Collateral sensitivity is referred to as synthetic
lethality because same genetic alteration that cell resistant to a particular
drug and sensitizes it to another drug as well. Hence it is very important for
the medical experts and scientists because development of resistance to one
drug can develop resistance to other
drugs as well and this can halt the process of curing the cancer cells and for
this purpose the chemical nature of all the different compounds used in this
process have to be critically analyzed so that the methods of treatment and
therapies can be improved (Okon, 2016).
Human
cancers and their development is a complex process that involves numerous
stages. These stages include epigenetic modifications that have been developed over time as well as genetic alterations. This
results in the development of single
tumor that is comprised of the non-homogametic
cell population which has diverse genetic fingerprints. As the development of
tumor progresses some of the cells undergo various genetic modifications. These
modifications have a superior level of
growth advantage. The best example of this case is the cells of breast cancer
which have various tumor heterogeneities. According to a study, approximately 98% of epithelial breast
carcinomas have intra-tumor diversities and due to this innate level of heterogeneity, the cancer cells demonstrate a high level of resistance (Rueff & Rodrigues, 2016).
Hence, it can be easily understood
that the cancer cells demonstrate the same characteristics as provided by the Darwinian law of evolution. The focus should be
on those cell populations that are most adaptive and display very heterogeneous
tendencies. They form clones and these clones then begin to populate the tumor
and make it extremely resilient to any treatment or therapy. This selection
process can be done using two different mechanisms. One is the cellular
population emergence after the selection of the drug binding while the second
method includes stochastic modification acquisitions within the drug transporters.
Two models including CSC model or the cancer stem cell model and EMDR model or
environment mediated drug resistance model can be used to explain this process
and they both are mutually exclusive as well. The rare populations of the
cancer cells in CSC model are equipped with tumor-initiating
characteristics. The EMDR model develops resistance as the cancer cells
interact with the close by microenvironment and enter into a dormant state and
they diminish the effects of the treatment or the therapy (Sameen, 2015).
These cells remain in their shelters
during the imposed pressure and continue with their genetic variations till the
time they acquire permanent resistance phenotype. The surviving populations of
the cancer cells can play their role in Minimal Residual Disease or MRD thus,
contributing towards relapse. In the EMDR model, metastatic epithelial malignancies, as well as hematopoietic epithelial
malignancies, can be mediated with help of soluble and adhesive
microenvironment elements. One of the mediators for this resistance is
interleukin-6 which is also known as IL-6. This mediator has increased the level of secretion and it will be correlated
with various resistances from cytotoxins in all in vivo and in-vitro models. At the molecular level, this procedure can take place in numerous
scenarios which include improves stability and modified the subcellular distribution of all the protein and
cell cellular moderators as well as degradation of apoptotic proteins as well. In
this case, the cancer cells have a tendency to use fibronectin adhesion from
the surrounding environment for the
purpose of limiting endogenous levels. Hence, these two models can be used to
understand and explain various issues related to
the development of the cancer cells
within the bodies. This can lead to the development
of sound techniques and methodologies to cure the disease and prevent their
relapse (Sebens & Schäfer, 2012).
Medications are changed in the body by
an assortment of pathways to acquiesce pharmacologically dynamic or concealed
metabolic items. A few rejoinders result in dynamic metabolites and some of the unoccupied items. Contingent upon the
configuration of the medication, a similar response may frame self-motivated or
inert metabolites. Despite the fact that mixes are at last changed by
catalysts, there are numerous components that adjust the chemical action, for example, inhibitors,
hormones, tissue limitation, and vitamins
(Sebens & Schäfer, 2012).
In spite of an assortment of cases of
the contact of the human being gastrointestinal microbiome on prescription
satisfactoriness and lethality, there is repeatedly a disjointed intellectual
capacity of the elementary classifications. Here, we investigate the
inactivation of the heart meditates
digoxin by the reduced to ashes Actinobacterium Eggerthella lenta. The
Transcriptional silhouette, comparative genomics, and culture-based measures
discovered and uncovered a cytochrome-encoding operon up intended for by
digoxin, unemotional by arginine, malinger in nonmetabolizing E. lenta sprains, and clairvoyant of digoxin
inactivation by the individual reduced to ashes microbiome. It is the fact that
inactivation of drugs is quite necessary for the solution of this project. On the other hand, it is also viewable that
everyone wants to become safe, healthy, and fearless from cancer. Therefore, the best way is to inactivate the drugs for
resistance from cancer (Ullah, 2008).
It is the fact that Individual fickleness in
medication practicability and prescription health is a worth mentioning test in
contemporary irrefutable put into practice. In addition, the sedated advancement, and medication control is
the part of this particular drug targets. It is imperative to understand that
investigations of pharmacokinetics have given satisfactory cases of
contributory relationships in the midst of genotypes and prescription rejoinder
to characterize phenotypic varieties of clinical significance in prescription
treatment. On the other hand, the merger of pharmacokinetics and human genomics
as of belatedly has extensively accelerated the surprise of new transmissible
varieties (Wang, 2015).
It will possibly bring about
fickleness in prescription rejoinder. Even though the express aggregation of in
a row on genome-malady and genome-tranquilize family and association, there
comes into view the trust of the individualized
drug. On the other hand, we assessment late press forward in the conception of
hereditary dedication to real personage fickleness in prescription handling
with contemplating on a transmissible multiplicity of tablets target,
dignified incorporation system, put under sedation transfer, complaint vulnerability,
and prescription wellbeing. It is the fact that Difficulties to potential
pharmacokinetics and its elucidation into individualized pills, put under
sedation expansion, and bearing is
scrutinized. For instance, wisdom on genetic determinants of woe pathogenesis
and prescription hullabaloo, for the most part,
those of multipart infectivity and prescription reaction, is not commonly
easily reached. Concerning the abundant eminence multiplicity from genomic
sequencing to detached phenotypes may not be comprehensible (Zahreddine & Borden, 2013).
The drug efflux is known to be a quite
famous way to resist the chances of cancer. It is very imperative to understand
that it is quite important in the medical
sector. Most of the researchers are working hard to improve the system of drug
efflux. It is very important for the well-being of the people and one should
plan for the betterment of the community.
It is the fact that the planning needs
to be long term. We are moving speedily
to the modern world and we must prepare ourselves for the better future in
order to fight with diseases (Ahmad, 2014).
The drug efflux is the broader concept for the people in
order to modernize and correct the setup on medical terms. One can understand
that cancer is major disease and we cannot get away after closing the eyes.
Therefore, it has become very important to plan the setup medically and
according to the principles of cancer treatment. There are many companies and
research centers working on the latest researches for prevention of cancer and one can understand the various
diseases under the umbrella of cancer. Therefore, it is obvious that drug efflux has
the main role and key importance in the cancer treatment (Eid, El-Readi, Fatani, Eldin, & Wink, 2015).
It is very imperative to understand
that cancer is the major disease in the modern
world. Although, the treatment is there
but still there are many things to do in the future. We cannot take the credit
away from the researchers and physicians as well. They are doing everything for
the better health of the human beings.
They are providing services to the patients and humanity and making
things better. The research in the field
of cancer has portrayed the fact that there could be a damage occur in the
process of treatment of cancer (Okon, 2016).
On the other hand, one would have to
realize and understand that there must be something, which can make changes in
this perception. Anyhow, there are certain ways are available for the
prevention of the damage in the process
of treatment. The Treatment process would have the attributes that can make
changes in the medication. The new medication would not damage the DNA in the
process of treatment hopefully. It is mandatory to realize the importance in
the changing of medication and produce such medication that can repair damage
in this particular matter and factor. One can understand now the importance of
the damage repair of DNA (Rueff & Rodrigues,
2016).
It is quite imperative to understand
that Inhibition of Cell Death is the major issue and way to treat the disease
of cancer. One can understand that cell death has become a major issue for the
patients who are suffering from cancer.
The major cause is the non-effectiveness of the medications, which has been
used in the process of cancer treatment. Therefore, it is very imperative to
acknowledge the process of Inhibition of Cell Death for the better results
ultimately. One thing is very necessary
to remember that Inhibition of Cell Death is the way to investigate the right
medical process for the treatment (Foo &
Michor, 2014).
On the other hand, one can understand
that cells perform the great role in the recovery of the patients from major
diseases like cancer and HIV as well.
Therefore, the physicians and doctors need to focus on the process of
Inhibition of Cell Death. In addition,
it is necessary for the researcher to understand and acknowledge the factor
that cell death could cause major infection and disease in the body of human
beings ultimately. It is obvious and
proved that Inhibition of Cell Death is the major issue to focus and decrease
the rate of deaths due to cancer (Liu, 2009).
It is another issue to focus in the
discussion about prevention from cancer. In addition, it is quite important to
resolve the associated issues like development of cancers drugs. It is the main issue of discussion in the
paper and one can understand the significance of this issue in the medical
history. According to medical reports, there are biggest institutions working
to resolve the issue of drugs in cancer treatment. In the same way, the EMT and
Metastasis are the major attributes and significant matters. The medical researchers
and physicians need to overview this issue like the other significant issues of
the death of cells and others (Okon, 2016).
On the other hand, it is the fact that
cancer is the major disease and people need to get more awareness for the better
and healthy future. For this kind purpose, the researchers should come forward
in order to reduce the rate of cancer in the future. The EMT and Metastasis are
the main issues to handle in the prevention of negative effects of drugs of
cancer. Therefore, it became very important to resolve the matters that are
making things difficult in handling the cancer issues. It will cure the issues
of drug development ultimately (Sameen, 2015).
The cancer cell is located under the
cancer stem cell and the Heterogeneity of Cancer Cell is quite an important issue in the development of
cancer prevention drugs. The Heterogeneity of Cancer Cell can describe into two
section or models and one is cancer stem cell. It is very imperative to understand that
Heterogeneity is mandatory for the noble cause of the researchers and
physicians. One can understand that
medical research about the development of cancer drugs is in the process and
everybody is putting a part in the efforts against the disease of cancer. In the same way, the above-mentioned issue
needs to be resolved on urgent basis (Chen,
2014).
It will ultimately make things better for the human
beings. These types of the issue have
been the major part of the study in the process. This is why it became
necessary for medical institutions to resolve the matter on the latest medical
approaches and consequences. Otherwise, the level of growth would be negative
and people could suffer more in the drugs of cancer. Therefore, the development is essential and
sustainable countries are making progress in this particular section. One can
observe that the diseases rate is gradually declining and major diseases as if
cancer has less impact on the healthy societies. Now, it is obvious to resolve the matter of
Heterogeneity of Cancer Cell (Okon, 2016).
From the above discussion we can
conclude that epigenetic modifications have a major role to play when it comes
to development of resistance within the cancer cells. Resistance to drugs is a
phenomenon that is present within the disease cells when therapies and treatments
and these have no influence disease cells. Hence there are numerous techniques
and methods that have been developed to cure the cancerous cells. These
treatments are used to cure the cancer cells and halt their further growth and
development which is very helpful in the disease relapse as well. Further
research and development should be conducted in order to prevent the growth of
the cells which will help the experts to cure the disease.
Ahmad, A. (2014). Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug
Resistance: Progress and Prospects. Springer New York.
Akhdar, H., Legendre, C., Aninat, C., & Morel, F. (2012).
Anticancer Drug Metabolism: Chemotherapy Resistance and New Therapeutic
Approaches. In H. Akhdar, C. Legendre, C. Aninat, & F. Morel, Topics on
Drug Metabolism (pp. 137-170). Intech.
Chen, J. (2014). Reactive Oxygen Species and Drug Resistance
in Cancer Chemotherapy. Austin Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1(4), 1-7.
Dinsa, H., & Melesie, G. (2014). A Literature Review on
Cancer Multi Drug Resistance and Its Therapy. International Journal of
Pharma Sciences, 4(1), 417-423.
Eid, S. Y., El-Readi, M. Z., Fatani, S. H., Eldin, E. E.,
& Wink, M. (2015). Natural Products Modulate the Multifactorial Multidrug
Resistance of Cancer. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 6, 146-176.
Foo, J., & Michor, F. (2014). Evolution of acquired
resistance to anti-cancer therapy. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 355,
10-20.
Housman, G., Byle, S., Heerboth, S., Lapinska, K., Longacre,
M., Snyder, N., & Sarkar, S. (2014). Drug Resistance in Cancer: An
Overview. Cancers, 6, 1769-1792.
Hu, T., Li, Z., Gao, C.-Y., & Cho, C. H. (2016).
Mechanisms of drug resistance in colon cancer and its therapeutic strategies. World
Journal of Gastroenterology, 22(30), 6876-6889.
Koushik, Rao, Kumar, & Karthikeyan. (2016). Nano Drug
Delivery Systems to Overcome Cancer Drug Resistance – A Review. Journal of
Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology, 7(3), 1-9.
Liu, F.-S. (2009). Mechanisms of Chemothrapeutic Drug
Resistance in Cancer Therapy – A Quick Review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 48(3),
239-244.
Okon, I. (2016). The Paradox of Ant-cancer Agents and
Recurring Emergence of Drug Resistance. Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 4(1:4),
1-4.
Rueff, J., & Rodrigues, A. S. (2016). Cancer Drug
Resistance: Overviews and Methods. Springer New York.
Sameen, S. (2015). Hybrid Modeling of Cancer Drug
Resistance Mechanisms. Universita di Pisa.
Sebens, S., & Schäfer, H. (2012). The Tumor Stroma as
Mediator of Drug Resistance – A Potential Target to Improve Cancer Therapy? Current
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 13, 1-14.
Ullah, M. F. (2008). Cancer Multidrug Resistance (MDR): A
Major Impediment to Effective Chemotherapy. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer
Prevention, 9, 1-6.
Wang, H. (2015). Molecualr Mechanisms of Therapeutic
Resistance in Cancer. University of Michigan.
Zahreddine, H., & Borden, K. L. (2013). Mechanisms and
insights into drug resistance in cancer. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 4,
1-8.
Q: Does your
workplace/organization use any services offered in the cloud? If so, what
service model is offered by the provider? If not, what are the primary reasons
for not using services offered in the cloud?
A: The non-for-profit organization in the cloud computing
services at the state level would be the ‘Public Sector Cloud Computing’ in Broward
County in Florida. The technology would be very cost efficient along with the
efficient performance in the state for the public use lowering the government
operations, largest accessibility for the customers incorporating more than
90000 different information systems worth more than $75 billion. The vision of
this non-for-profit organization would be ‘ best experience at the cloud
computing for performance in security or safety for data centers of information
for users.’ The mission of the company would be the environment that would be
inclusive in terms of environment, which has competitive edge in terms of
diverse backgrounds of the employees, key customers, business partners, and
suppliers to meet a sustainable advantage. The common barriers must need to
remove including the executions of the cloud computing projects, fragmenting
the systems, technological legacy while not putting efforts by the government
in IT sector for ease of use in private sectors (Valacich
& Schneider, 2014).
Cloud computing is the advanced technology.
It is still in its early stages almost every organization is using cloud
computing due to the advantages it provides to the users. It is on-demand self-service and no human interaction
is required for it. It also provides the broad network access there are many services
offered by the cloud computing services. With the help of cloud computing, the
users are able to use and access the applications from any devices across the internet.
The most common service provider is the Google Gmail (Buyya, 2010).
Clouds computing are much better
than the old system of storing and
sending files and using the old networks. It is cost efficient. It provides continuous
availability as well as convenience. It has a backup and recovery methods.
Moreover, cloud computing is very much environment-friendly.
It also has the characteristics of resiliency and redundancy. Its scalability
and performance are much better. It has a
quick deployment as well as provides the ease of integration. It also provides
the higher storage capacity. This service
has the device diversity as well as it is independent of location
Our organization is also using the cloud-computing
model. Our organization is using the infrastructure as a service (Iaas) model. It provides the virtual interface
for the users. The main reason for using this model is that it provides
virtualization because it allows the providers to supply the resources on demand,
which can also be extracted from their large pools that are installed in the
data center. The reason for using this model
in the organization is that it saves cost. It provides flexibility and scalability.
It has the faster access to the market. It also provides support to the BC, DR
and has high availability. It puts high focus on the business growth.
Q:Suggest which Cloud
sourcing model would best fit your workplace/organization/agency, and discuss
why the model that you selected would be the
best fit.
A: After reviewing the state of the public sector cloud computing article, it was a very informative article describing the cloud
computing and its models. It also discussed the cloud sourcing models. There
were four types of models discussed there. These were private cloud, public
cloud, community cloud and hybrid cloud. All carries their own characteristics,
however to answer the question about which model will best fit into the
organization then I think I will need all the models to be deployed into my organization,
as all of them will be needed in different circumstances. Let us discuss
characteristics of all and then choose the one (Kundra,
2012).
Customer Segments: The target customers would the private, public small
enterprises along with the citizens of the Broward county to who we would offer
the cloud computing services, where as the most important customers would be
the citizens of Broward county. Private cloud will help me to keep the
private data private, as it will be only operated by the organization. The
community cloud will help me to make new deals with the other organization or
any new offer to the other organization. It will be profitable. The public
cloud will help in making the better connection with the public or to the large
industry group. The clearest answer would
be to adopt the Hybrid cloud. This is the unique technology combining the
private, public, or community models. It will help in enabling the data as well
as application portability.
Value Proposition: The core value would be provided to the customers from
our cloud computing services in which this non-for-profit organization would incorporate
the efficient initiatives for the cloud computing such as the databases, low
cost for the operations; maintain efficiency in the data centers, a model of
deployments along with services. In order to choose which would be the best, I will choose
the hybrid model to be deployed in my
organization because it perfectly fits the needs of the organization. It is the
perfect combination of all the models and
I can adjust it according to the needs of the organization.
Q: Review the list of
federal/state/local cloud computing case studies and reflect on one of the
cases?
A: After reviewing the case
of Personal service delivery transformation (PSDT) United states air force. They
used the cloud computing service model and implemented the software as a
service (SaaS) because they were facing the problem of reshaping the personal
community and the air force needed to decrease the time, which was spent in
searching for the documentation .they allowed the personnel in order to support
the war-fighting mission (Ojala, 2011).
Customer Relationships: The
CRM model would be incorporate in way that the strong tiers or interaction with
customers would be developed through the program was created by them in order
to improve the operations of the human resource management. This would
provide a help of the cloud-based CRM solution in which the case
tracking, knowledge management, as well as contact center tracking the customer survey tools were included.
The main aim was to improve the better experience of the
customers through the self-service
solutions as well as tracking the basic needs of the customers the right one
solution was made by the enforcing for
focusing on the problems in order to solve the organization information. With
the help of Right now, it was able to
tool solve the workforce reduction and it
was able to save the $4 million annually .the results were also improved and
the demands have also been met.
Q: Visit the website of a
cloud service provider. Find the
provider’s service level agreement. Based on service level agreement, explain
the provider’s availability, security and privacy provisions. Determine which of the providers that you
identified you would select if you were searching for a cloud service provider
for NSU.
A: The cloud service level agreement is the important
agreement. It forms the contractual relationship between the cloud service provider and the cloud service customers of the
cloud service. We know that the cloud is the
global nature. It spans many jurisdictions. It has many legal requirements. It protects
the personal data, which are hosted in the cloud service. There are different
approaches to the cloud service and deployment models by the cloud SLAs. This
is different room one cloud service provider to the otter and the cloud service
customers find it difficult to compare it with the cloud service (ibm.com, 2016).
Revenue
Streams: The process of earning the revenues while selling the adequate or
dynamic cloud computing services, the customers would buy, as the expansion in terms of competitive strategy would be standards
that would according to the cloud-computing environment. It includes providing
security of information to the people, privacy measures of the information of
the citizens, protecting the rights of the interest of security both at
national and international level.
It
is important that in the contract of the clouds service level providers, there
must be the right as well as the cost must be specified in order to continue as
well as discounted the service to be used. The specific parameters must be
codified and there must the minimum level of requirements for each of the
elements of the service and there must be the remedies as well for the failures
in case the requirements are not met.
Key Resources: The most
significant or essential assets for constantly developing the effective SLA,
there is also the criteria established in which it requires the availability of the 99.99% for the 24/7. This would create
the sustainable business model serving customers, partners, and suppliers.
The performance must be efficient; it must be able to provide the high privacy
as well as security to protect the confidentiality. There must be encryption of
the all the data, which has been stored as well as transmitted, the access to
the data, must also be in the readable format.
Google cloud engine is the best cloud service provider
for the NSU. The reason is that it has also been created for the purpose of the
university and office work. The students
will be able to store as well as retrieve data. They can also make their interaction
easily available with all of the class fellows and teachers. It makes the work
very easy and cost effective.
References
Buyya, R. (2010). Cloud Computing:
Principles and Paradigms. John Wiley & Sons.
ibm.com. (2016). IBM. Retrieved
October 26, 2016, from ibm.com: https://www.ibm.com/us-en/
Kundra, V. (2012). State of Public
Sector Cloud Computing. Retrieved October 26, 2016, from cio.gov:
https://cio.gov/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/09/StateOfCloudComputingReport-FINAL.pdf
Ojala, A. (2011). Value networks in cloud
computing. Journal of Business Strategy, 32 (6), 40 – 49.
Valacich, J. S., &
Schneider, C. (2014). Information Systems Today: Managing in a Digital
World. Pearson College Division.
Home Work 2 (Chapters 4 – 8) (Due
Tuesday, October 25 9:00 pm)
Name: Ibrahim
Aljahdali
How
can strategic procurement contribute to the quality of products produced by a
manufacturing organization?
Strategic Procurement means to acquire goods
and services from the suppliers. These goods and services may include finished
products, raw materials, parts and components, crop produce and all types of
services. High-quality goods and services
contribute a lot to the quality of the finished goods which ultimately have a
positive impact on the production of the company and its profitability.
Similarly, if the materials are of low quality, then the production will be of
low quality as well. Hence, it is very important for the companies to focus on high-quality products and services so that they
can improve their production. Focusing on the quality of the product may
require the company to invest more to improve the production and output of the
product.
How
does lowest TCO differ from lowest purchase price?
The focus of the lowest purchase price is on
the price of each of the items, especially to obtain it from the suppliers at
lowest possible price. However, the TCO not only focuses on the buying the
goods and services at a lowest possible
price from the suppliers but it also allows
firms to get special offers from them as well so that the payment of the
inventory can be prompt. Also, TCO also enables the supplier to provide more
services such as allowance, delivery, and pick-up
service for the client firms too. Here another aspect is of life-cycle costs
which are related to the finished goods
that are faulty or are of poor quality and might have some issues with
warranty, or repair.
Many people think of lean systems as
being incompatible with mass customization and flexible manufacturing. Why is
this conclusion incorrect?
There are three different
kinds of lean systems, and each one of them runs on its principle and
mechanics. There are different goals and objectives for each system as well.
Nevertheless, if we have a closer look at each of these systems, we will come
to know that each one of them is quite
different from each other. Each of them looks
to accomplish a mutual goal, and that goal is to manufacture the goods and
services as quickly as possible and when they require it. The main purpose of
the lean systems is to produce the goods and service as per the demand as per
the time requirement of the customer as well. Here some challenges may come up
as these systems require the firms to eliminate all the slack which according
to many is required when it comes to customization of the products and
services. Lean systems focus on reducing the costs and time of the setup and smoothen the production process to accomplish
mass production and customization. The main objective of the lean system is to produce the goods when the
customer wants it, and it should be exactly as per the demand. This is also the
main emphases of the mass customization as well. However, the issue with the lean system is the company has to get rid of
all the slack which is necessary to customize the orders. Hence, to achieve the
main objective of lean customization systems and mass customization is
integrated with one another.
Discuss the S&OP process. What are
the major trade-offs that must be considered?
There are various elements
that are to be considered when we consider the concepts and processes of
S&OP process. First, comes the financial factor as well as the revenue
plans while the next one is sales development and in the end is the operations
related to the supply chain. When we talk
about the financial factor, the company has to use S&OP process for the
purpose of trading off that will have to be done between increased revenue and
costs associated with the supply chain processes. This has to be done because
there are a high number of products. Then the
sales development plan is made to sustain higher profits, and with it, the plan for resources will be made so that
the partnerships can be developed and managed for future operations as well. If
marketing has identified a new niche within the industry and the production
wants to focus on the niche, does not mean that the manufacturing and supply
chain has the same sort of resources to accomplish the targeted demand. The
rapid response to the demand and other variations in the products and services
while keeping the processes according to the schedules is crucial to remain
efficient. Hence, these two groups have to coordinate so that the most suitable
operations can be worked out and expectations can be met in a realistic manner.
5 (a) Discuss the relationship between service level, uncertainty,
safety stock, and order quantity. How can trade-offs between these elements be
made?
There
are a couple of important principles for service level which include the availability
of the items and the delivery speed and one aspect that can influence both of
these principles is the uncertainty of demand.
This uncertainty of demand makes it difficult to forecast what the
customer require and when do they require it. To deal with this issue the firms
have to obtain a high number of the raw
materials in the stock, and this might cause surplus inventory and will
increase the total cost. Hence, to reduce the uncertainty of regular demand
information should be exchanged between the suppliers and the customer so that
the amount of, etc. can be reduced within
the inventory.
b) Customer-based inventory management strategies allow the use of
different availability levels for specific customers. Discuss the rationale for
such a strategy. Are such strategies discriminatory? Justify your position.
Firms should do whatever they have to
keep their core customers. Core customers are the people who buy a bigger
percentage of the products of the company and they are loyal to the customers
as well. If these core customers are being lost by the company, then it has to
rethink its operational strategies because these are the people who are most
loyal in the market and if they start to turn away from the company then there
is a serious issue in the strategic
structure of the firm. It is crucial for the firm to use the management
strategies which are customer-focused in different perspectives. Not all the
customer segments contribute to the sales in the same manner. There are plenty
of cases where a single client contributes to the majority of the sales of a
company and that one client alone has a major influence on the manufacturing
processes of that firm as well. This can
be understood by the Pareto principle which explains the same ideology that 80%
of the sales are accounted for the 20% of
the products. ABC rule also explains the idea and this rule is based on how
fast the goods can move. Different companies have differed rate of selling in the market as well hence; the company
has to develop different strategies for each product, and this can influence
the sale and production of other products as well. Hence, clients who choose
their suppliers have to make them work so that they can meet the demand in time
otherwise it will only contribute towards the cost.
(c ) Discuss the
importance of collaboration in the developing of supply chain inventory
strategies.
It will be helpful for the supplier so
that in time demand could be seen. The thing, which needs to be done, is to
develop the strong information system so that the distribution channel could be
made efficient. Looking at the example we come to know that the Quick response
can be discussed as the supplier and the firm comes together and the ultimate
goal is to satisfy the customer. By this order cycle, time is reduced.
(d) How does the cost of carrying inventory
impact the traditional earnings? Statement of the enterprise?
It is clear that if the caring
inventory is more than the earning of the company is reduced. However, if the inventory cost is reduced then
profits can be maximized. There are a couple
of reasons behind that; we can see that company have many costs which they need
to minimize, however, the inventory cost is one of them which should be reduced
so that profits could be maximized. The capital cost of the company is hurt due
to the increased inventory cost. There needs to be a complete plan in which the
land, building, machinery and other needs to be known, and it should be
analyzed so that the inventory would be able to fulfill those requirements and
there would be no additional cost for the company.
The tax
is also imposed on the holding the inventory. However, there is also
insurance cost on the inventory that is stored by the company, and here the
profits are utilized as well. Another problem, which is observed in the
carrying inventory, can be said that carrying the inventory too long will also
hurt the company as the style will run out of fashion and the cost of the
product needs to be minimized so that the stock would be cleared by the
company. This is the financial loss for
the company. However, it also needs to be checked that with the passage of time
the inventory cost is increased day by day. We can say that all these costs do
have the negative impact on the company. Further, the company can use these
earnings somewhere else in the company as well. In the end, I will say that if
the company does not decrease the cost, then the loss of profits will be seen.
6. (a) Compare and contrast the transport
principles of economy of scale and economy of distance. Illustrate how they
combine to create efficient transportation.
If we discuss the economies of scale
on transportation, then I would say that as the size increases or the number of
units increases the cost is decreased. The economies of distance are same as
the economies of scale and work in the same manner. As long, the distance is as
compared to the distance the shipment price will be less. Therefore, if the
manager is prudent then he will make some wise decisions as the consignment
would be large and the distance will be more as well. As in this case, the
price will be decreased, and the profits can be retained in the company as
compared to small and multiple shipments.
(b) Explain the value
proposition offered by freight forwarding. Provide an example that illustrates
why shippers would be attracted to using the services of a freight forwarder as
contrasted to arranging their transportation.
The reason behind that is they do
offer the large shipments on the lower prices most of the time. However, it is
noticed that they ship the goods faster
than the small shipments. Therefore, it can be seen that the starting point of
the shipment is large in number, however, after that they are divided into smaller numbers, and then the
responsibility is shifted to others. The freight-forwarding concept is helpful
for both, shipping company and the freight-forwarding firm.
The reason behind that is the freight
forwarding company is responsible for all type of goods starting from the
manufacturing part till the delivery. However, it is observed that there are so
many rules and regulations for the company who are transporting the goods from
one end till the other end and it manages all type of queries as well. The
extra time should not be focused to find out any other mean of communication;
the best thing can be that the business finds some other good factors that
would make revenue for the company. Looking at the example, we can say that if
any business needs to send the shipment from America to the South America.
It is quite possible that the shipment
company first need to go to Brazil they come back to that side. In the route, the shipment will be less costly this is
good for the company. However, there will be different regulations as well
which will be imposed on the sender and the shipment company but they will deal
with that all. Therefore, at this time the businesses should focus more on the
production rather than to change the shipment company who could send the goods
faster.
7 Railroads have the largest
percentage of intercity freight ton-miles, but motor carriers have the largest
revenue. How do you explain this
relationship?
Yes, it is correct as the railroad
does carry more goods; the reason is that all the heavy material is carried
through the railways; however, it cannot reach the ultimate destination point.
On the other hand, the motor carriers are fast efficient and reach the end
destination as well. Therefore, it is costly as well and that is the reason it
generates more revenues.
W1 is the weight of leg at joint
point while force acting at this point is considered to be F1. Rx
and Ry are the resolved components.
W2 is the weight of leg at knee point
while force acting at this point is considered to be downward due to
gravitational force acting at this point, F2. Rx2 and R y2 are the
resolved components. Force acting at
knee point is product of weight of leg and g.
W3 weight at ground level point. Rx3
and Ry3 are the resolved components along x-axis and y-axis.
b)
Reactive force
∑Fx
= 0
Rx1 = 0
∑Fy
= 0
Ry1 = Fapplied
+ w1
∑M0 = 0
Ry2 = m2 g
+ Ry1
Ry2 = m2 g
+ Ry1
Muscle Moment in terms of θ = M x a sin θ = (b W1 – cW2)
Cos (θ)
So
M =
Muscle moment in terms
of θ.
Rx = W Cos (θ)
R y = W Sin (θ) – W2 – W3
c)
Using θ
= 90, 30, 60, 0
At θ
= 90 At knee point
Ry2 = m2 g
+ Ry1
Ry2 = m2 g
+ Ry1
M =
Fx = F Cos (θ)
Fy = F Sin (θ)
F = 1447
Fx = F Cos (θ) = 1447 x 0 = 1447
Fy = F Sin (θ) = 1447 x1 = 1447
M = = 0
At θ = 60
Fx = F Cos (θ)
Fy = F Sin (θ)
F = 1447
Fx = F Cos (60) = 1447 x 0.5 = 723.5
Fy = F Sin (θ) = 1447 x0.866 = 1253.0
M =
=
At θ = 30
Fx = F Cos (30)
Fy = F Sin (30)
F = 1447
Fx = F Cos (30) = 1447 x 0.866 =
1253.5
Fy = F Sin (30) = 1447
x0.5 = 723.0
M =
=
At θ = 0
Fx = F Cos (0)
Fy = F Sin (0)
F = 1447
Fx = F Cos (30) = 1447 x 1 = 1447.5
Fy = F Sin (30) = 1447
x0 = 0
M =
=
Question No: 2
Reaction forces
∑Fx
= 0
Rx1 = 0
∑Fy
= 0
∑Fx
= ma
a)
∑F
x = R ax + R ka
∑Fx
=
ma
∑Fy
= may
∑Fy
= Ry – Wf +
Ray = may
Muscle
Moment in terms of θ
= M x a sin θ = (b W1
– cW2) Cos (θ)
So
M =
Length of total leg is missing to calculate
moment of muscle total length of leg should be given. Only length of lower leg part is given so we
can calculate moment around knee.
If
the muscle of leg under consideration is of female the mass and weight of
female muscle will be different from mass of male muscle therefore the moment
and forces around knee and ankle will be different due to different mass
values.
VariableDescription
Variable Name
Known/ unknown
Value of symbol
Length of lower leg
L ll
Moment of muscle and force can
be calculated
= 37.16
Acceleration of lower leg
all
F= ma
To calculate acceleration total
force acting on knee point should be given
Quality management was not effective in the business,
There were the schedule adjustments, within the company was not effective, or
the shifts and tasks changes of the individual, which can create the problems,
in the event, the company may have to suffer the employee turnover in this
case. There is a need to manage the staff properly and need to check the
quality of work. This was the weakness of the company because the staff was not
managed and improper or offensive schedule adjustments were there. Therefore,
in a case of events, arrange by the company mismanagements by the staff can
occur, for the efficiency every the company should retain and train the
employees, through quality management and in this case, customers can retain.
The proper staff should be there for any company, so the event can be
effectively managed, and the customers can be satisfied.
Location Choice or site Planning
There was the problem with the location; the company
does not choose the good location. The company has failed in managing the
activities in the operation segments, however, of the activities were
efficiently performed but the management does not consider all the strategies,
in my point of view, there were many mistakes that were done by the company.
The company for the betterment needs to consider the location that is effective
and that can attract the customer, from overall the city, site selection or
planning is very necessary for every business. In any organization, site is
considered important and with the time, construction and improvement are also
included in the operations, the estimated cost of the maintenance and other
operation were too much, and the companies have to give the installments.
Employee Retention
The great faculty of the business can
provide the facilities and the advantages to any business, but in the case of
Indianapolis there was the inadequate staffing was also the weakness of the
company, as the company hired the staff of the college, the staff was not
experienced, may be the company face issue due to that. However, for the
betterment there is need of the experienced staff that can deal with the
clients effectively or successfully, the operations or the entire task that was
undertaken by the staff, were inadequate, the planning or the strategies were
not effective. In the business, the tasks need to be given on the daily basis.
The working should be divided among the team or employees, in the company,
example, turn off the alarm system, opening and closing the doors, clean
window, remove the trash etc, all the tasks need to be planned effectively. The
company needs to manage the entire task; the operations need to manage
effectively, as the company needs to hire the experienced staff, for the entire
tasks. There is the need to manage the employees effectively so that the
employees and clients can be satisfied.
Section Two: Critical Risk:
Risks Management
For the risk management, the company has to
focus on the critical risks segments, related to finance while managing the
businesses there could be many issues associated with the critical risks, the
company Indianapolis can suffer the issues of the weak economy of the country.
In my point of view, it could be the weakness of the company, because in this
case company can face the financial losses. If the country is not supported, or
the economy is weak, then there are chances of losses of customers, because the
customer will not spend on the matters, which are related to such enjoyable
factors.
Moreover, the company has to do something
when the economy fails, or the people or customers spend less. The company
needs to evaluate the risks on the large-scale. If the company fails to meet
the require goals, there can be the issues, there is the need to more focus on
the areas related to the sales, or economy so that the customers can be
attracted, the general interviews or advertising and the walk-in customer’s
strategies may not be effective in this way.
Give value to Customers
The company need to value the customers, the
visitors should not be given harm; there are the weaknesses, in the projects,
as the customers are not given the importance or value, as there were the
issues with the staff and canteen. For the company, there is a need to focus on
the canteen facilities to the customers.
The financial issues can also be related to the staff, there is the need
to manage the staff effectively. The staff needed to be given the training,
they need to be given protection, so all the system could be effectively
performed, in the company, there should be the focus on the staff training, and
need to give them the incentives so that the proper values can be given to the
customers. All the issues were related to the staff management, the company
failed to manage the staff.
Construction Risks
Construction needs to be done on time, as it
is effective for every business, the weakness related to the construction
delayed can also be faced by the company, we gave did analysis that the staff
of the company, is not giving the effective results because the company fails
to manage the staff. The company has to manage the staff if the company wants
to get safe from the issues related to the construction delayed. Mr. Whisler
also believes that the projects should not be delayed and there is need to
focus on the projects and more on the employees so that the projects can be
effectively done on the prices, the company faced the issue related to the
projects. This is the good decision of the company and company can effectively
deal with the issues in this way.
There is need to do the financial
assessments, to get safe from the issues related to the finance and projects,
there is the need to focus on the staff, the staff should be trained and need
to be well prepared to manage the project related activities, the finance need
to effectively manage, so that future issues cannot be there.
Section Three: Marketing:
Pricing Strategies
Pricing strategies are very important in any
business, to get advantages from the other companies, there is a need to set
prices effectively, for the good market share in the industry, the company
needs to decide the prices efficiently so that advantages can be there, and
maximum regulars or customers can buy the services. The pricing strategies were
not effectively decided, the company struggled and the there were only two
tracks, where the racers can enjoy, the company has the primary and the
secondary track, the company has the strengths, which can also be viewed as the
weaknesses. From the competitive advantages from the competitors, pricing
strategies can play important role in the growth of the businesses.
Advertising and Promotion
Advertising strategies need to be focused on the
businesses, the customers can be attracted through advertising plans, the
advertisement of the maximum space that is meeting the requirements of the
customers of a city, and in this customers can be attracted. Maximum finance is
needed; however, the management thinks that maximum money spends on the
projects, may not give the benefits, as there is no need to spend on racing
decor or the kart business, kart business may not give as what they expected or
spend. The advertising should be promoted through involving the model or the superstars;
there is the need to give the free trials to the customers so that they can be
attracted. The strategies of advertising and promotion need to be followed for
the effectiveness.
Focus On the Customer Services Strategies
There is need to focus on the customers
services, the weakness while considering the cart business of the Indianapolis
was, there was no snake bar, the people or the customers can be tired of
getting nothing, most of the families and children, want to enjoy cart or any
other enjoyable activity with the food items. The company was having no place
to relax or eat; there was no lobby so that people can spend a time to relax or
to get the pleasure. However, either was only on a soft drink that was
available in, other than the soft drink; nothing can be remarkable, due to which
company faced the tensions.
The company needs to focus on the
customer’s value and focus strategies so that improvements and betterments can
take place. The business needs to create the timeframe, for the effectiveness,
there is the need to fulfill the requirements of the clients, there is the need
to consider the management goals, for the effectiveness of eth business
processes. The managers need to the reevaluation of the business and client
strategies for the efficiency and effectiveness.
In Islamic religion Muslims are identified with the two large
groups that are Sunni and Shia, the majority of Sunnis are living in the Middle
East countries, Sunni school of Islam has their belief, they belief on oneness
of God, most of the Sunnis are living in the Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan.
They are making up for more than 90% of the population; however, in Iraq they
are about 41-60%, in Iran they are about 21-40%, in Yemen and Syria they are
more than 60% (BBC, 2013).
Chief Differences community characteristics
Sunni beliefs on the Oneness of God and Islamic Prophet
Mohammad, the majority of people are Sunnis across the world, their teachings
and actions are according to their prophet, they do the things what their
Profit had said to them, they want to maintain the Sunnah of Muhammad. They
follow the five pillar of Islam, including faith, prayer, charity, fasting and
pilgrimage to Mecca. Sunnis follow the Sunnah of Mohammad throughout the life,
and they want to get success in their religion before death (Betts, 2013).
Current national or regional politics:
National political objectives
There are the number of scholars and preachers in Islam, who
have the concepts of the Liberalism and Democratic participation in Islam. In
Islam, there is Majlis ash-Shura, where there are the deliberations of the
Caliphates, in the past; there Rashidun Caliphate participated in the
development of the democracy of the Islamic world. However, in the modern
world, the decision-making power is to the trusted representatives of the
different tribes, they are elected within the tribes. The Shura (Consultation
of the people), is there in traditional Islamic laws.
Recent political success
The Sunnis in Palestine are known as Hamas, they have the
authority to do Jihad, they are following the ISIL; ISIL wants to conquer the
world and whoever does the interpretation of Quran in a wrong sense will be
killed. The group wants the foundation of the Sunni Islamic State; the
religious authorities are under the Caliph, the one who believes and the
successor to the Prophet Muhammad. They want the justice and truth to their
religion Islam, and they are killing the people in the name of Jihad (Culbertson, 2015).
Narratives:
Judaism, Christianity, and
Islam are the religions exist in the Middle East countries. However, Islam is
the prevalent religion, in all, and other religions are in minorities, but all
the religions have the rights in the countries.
Nevertheless, Sunnis follow
the preaching or the concepts of Muhammad strictly; however, Shia believes that
last Imam is hidden. Sunnis are following the six pillars of Islam; they
believe in the reality of the oneness of God, an existence of the angels. They
are following the book Quran, given by their Prophet Mohammad. They are getting
prepared for the Day of Judgment, and they believe that everyone is going to
get what he/she did in the world, God will ask them of their good and bad.
Middle East religions are
fighting like all of them think that they have the right perspective. However,
in most of the countries, in Islam, Shia, and Sunni diversion is creating the
problems, among a group. The news give the reports that Shia thought that they
are on the right and Sunni think that they are on the right, however, both the
groups have own thinkings. The conflicts are there within the group, due to
which bomb blasting is taking place in the country like Iraq, Syria, Pakistan,
etc.
Sunni is the largest group
in Islam; the people follow their Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), everything they do
is according to what their religion and what their preachers said them,
however, they believe on the ones of the God. Muslims are there across the
world, there are the Sunnis and Shia, both are the major group and have the
conflicts, based on few thoughts and differences, there are many things which
are similar between the Shia and Sunni, as both follow the pillars of Islam,
they offer prayers, goes to Hajj, etc. People across the world, representing
Islam, have made the groups like ISIL, as they are protecting the Muslims and
Islam.
All the Muslims believe in the peace, but when
people of the other country want to hurt them, or the peace they worship, they
become united and do efforts to protect their religion. On the name of Jihad,
violence are created by the group of people, negative image of people of
representing Islam is emerging in the societies, however, they want to kill the
people, who are against Islam; many of them have become terrorists in the name
of Jihad, although they are taking the revenge. Moreover, Islam is not about
killing the people or humanity, but many of the people in Islam have taken it
personally.
References:
BBC. (2013, December 19). Sunnis and Shia in the
Middle East. Retrieved October 25, 2016, from
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-25434060
Betts, R. B. (2013). The Sunni-Shi’a Divide:
Islam’s Internal Divisions and Their Global Consequences. Potomac Books,
Inc.
Culbertson, D. D. (2015). Isis/Isil: The Islamic
State Exposed, the Dangerous Truth You Need to Know!: Origins & Ideals,
Islamic Extremist Terrorism in Iraq & Syria. CreateSpace Independent
Publishing Platform.
The following paper invstigave
the injuries in the staff working for mobil blod drives. The study is
exploratrory and invstigates the reason behind such injuries. The exploratoey
research deign will be employes and quantittaive dat analysis tools will be
employed in that regrad. The respondnets
will be the employees of mobile centers for blood drives. The number of the
respndnets are 500. The interview technique will be employed in order to collect
the data.
Injuries among the staff of the mobile
blood drives
In
this project, we have identified the major problem for the staff working in the
mobile blood drive in which the cases of injuries among them have started
increasing from the previous two years. Therefore we have devised some of the
proposed solutions for this problem I
which have the aim to decrease the rate
of injuries in such staff more than 20% while providing the training programs
to staff, implementing the recommended equipment
in the setup process for blood donation
from donor to receiver dynamically. For example, we have suggested the unique Rapid
Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) in order
to prevent the injuries in the staff of the blood drive.
The
problem statement of this broad-based
analytical research project which focuses
on the rising issue of The Blood Center
of one of the most well-reputed blood
drives such as Wisconsin is analyzed. It has been observed that an increase in
the tremendous amount especially in recent times about the reporting of the
injuries at many cases among the staff members or personnel who are working
blood drives that use the mobile locations. There were no less than 83
incidents according to the statistical analysis in a recent couple of years, which are included of 2015, and the year
2016. In these two years, we have witness injuries cases of the staff member.
These
injuries among the staff members occur at most of the time when the setup process
was in progress and when the process of teardown was in place for the dynamic
cause of the Blood Drive respectively. However, some of the staff members are
found to be involved in the injuries that occur
during the process of the blood donation from the donors.
The
initial goals, as well as objectives of this
dynamic, analytically proposed solution project includes the series of
various steps such as effort for reducing the injuries for the staff members
working for the mobile drive in no less than figures such as 25% in any case.
The second most important objective is the identification of the various
elements that would provide the definite support for reducing the number of
injuries among the staff of the mobile
blood drive.
The
cost-benefit logical analysis would do in
a way that the calculations come ahead for purchasing the new equipment along with the effective uses of such
new resources including the technological medical equipment for implementing in blood drives. The next key objective
would include the standardize the process for ordering such equipment along with the process of their lifting in the process of
the setup of the blood donation while
reducing the equipment linked to the
heavy lifts.
Review of literature
Ergonomic analysis of employees and equipment
In this analysis, the most important
process that we need to implements is the training of the staff in terms of the
total quality assurance and utilizing the standard procedures in the blood
drive. For this a professional level of the program
which would provide the staff ultimate certificates in the relevant field or
the training is required for ensuring the supply of the blood would do according to safety measures. The evaluation
of the staff skills would include the methods or way of a collection of blood units along with the thaw
methods of infusing the blood supply chain (Taee,
2013).
The equipment
must be inspected or check in order to prevent the injuries among the staff
involved in social good fare cause of
mobile blood drive especially for the infusion of the citrate. The mechanism of
the quality equipment from installation
to the implementation of the various tubes along with the reuse process of such
equipment is analyzed. The weights,
usage, technical check up on the quality of the equipment
are included in this list (Stanger, 2012).
NIOSH Lifting Equation
In
this equation the pre-testing of the equipment under the test of the weight limit
which is recommended for the staff in the blood drive of mobile versions in
which the evaluation of the weight of such equipment
would do in a way that employees or staff
if able to lift the load in the working period of 8 hours. Then that
equipment would be recommended to lift from the staff working in the blood
drive in order to avoid the muscular injuries for the staff. The most common equipment include under this equation for
testing are the private beds for the convenience of the patients, the screens
that are attached to the bedside along with some of the other medical equipment. All other equipment in the mobile blood drives that exceed that specific
limit would not consider as pass or fit the staff to lift in the blood-donation
setup process (Patrick, 2012).
Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)
This is an in-depth examination of the workplace conditions for the staff in
which the causes that create the right
upper limbs disorder into the employees are examined. The survey is conducting
by applying the various methodologies such as the biomechanical testing of the
workplace conditions in this great tool. The other dynamic tool for testing of
supply chain process such as the postural loading in which the effect of the non-suitable conditions in the
workplace for the employees is examined
in detail is analyzed. The ergonomic analytical framework is applied to this tool of RULA as the loading of the
physical stress through the equipment are
highly taken into the examination process.
The upper limbs since are the most
effective part as a result of injuries because of the non-technical safety precautions taken by the management or staff themselves
during the blood donation setup process. in this tool of RULA usually, it is found out that the right side of
the upper limbs is completely examined and in some cases, both right along with left upper limbs are examined in the
serious injury cases for the staff in the mobile blood drive (Grant, 2010).
Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA)
In
this assessment, the examination of the complete human body is taken into
account fro the purpose of the examination for the staff safety measures in which
the proposed model or framework is based on the postural reference of the risks
of MSD. The tasks of the job are the main consideration source of testing
whether the staff is affected while tracing the physical stress in a way that specific position of a body along with
a certain posture examination of the whole body occurs.
The exertions are used as a great
dynamic testing tool for the whole body examination in which the force is
applied onto the posture of the body of the staff. The movement of that specific
staff is noted in terms of the actions done by
that particular staff so that the effect on the body is measured accurately.
That is why this tool of the REBA is considered
as the most authentic or the unique source as a tool for the examining the repetitions
of the physical stress in any part of the body. If the reposition finds then the mechanism of the coupling does
not exist (Taee, 2013).
Anticipated Methodology/Tools
The
methodology or the tools that we have critically analyzed as the proposed
solution for reducing the injuries between the staff of the mobile blood drive
in a comprehensive way. These include the
ergonomic analytical framework of both staffs
and the equipment, the equation of the
NIOSH lifting for the devices or equipment sued in the transfusion or setup
process of the blood supply chain for the
patients and the rapid the rapid assessment of the upper limb, rapid assessment
of the entire body.
Sample selection
The sample will be consisting of
employees working in a mobile blood drive. For that purpose, the mobile blood
drive centers will be accessed for recruitment of the respondents. The
participation of the employees will be subject to voluntary. The sample will consist of 500 employees.
These employees will be contacted in order to evaluate the prevalence of the
injuries.
Procedure
The researchers will personally contact the respondents in
order to evaluate them for injuries. For that purpose, appointment will be
taken in advanced for interviews. The purpose of the study will be discussed
with the respondents and the message will be conveyed that the research is
conducted only for academic and not for commercial purpose. Letter of consent
will be given to the employees to reveal them about the potential befits of
research. the In the end, it is
concluded that the ergonomic analysis as the vital tool or methodologies such
as the NIOSH equation for lifting and the REBA in which the maximum level of the
load that the staff could easily lift in the working time along with the
examination of the whole body through proposed risk model such as MSD. These
tools use factors, which are, consider as very important or significant like
the dynamic pressure or the required force as a testing tool and body posture,
which is considered as the important phase of testing in the REBA. This is
because to determine that the working conditions are safe for the staff who is
involved in this process of the blood drive.
Rerferences
Blake, J. (2013). Using simulation to
evaluate a blood supply network in the Canadian maritime provinces. Journal
of Enterprise Information Management, 26 (1), 119 – 134.
Grant, D. B. (2010). Integration of supply
and marketing for a blood service. Management Research Review, 33
(2), 123 – 133.
Patrick, Y. Z. (2012). Segmenting blood
donors in developing countries. Marketing Intelligence & Planning,
30 (5), 535 – 552.
Stanger, S. H. (2012). What drives
perishable inventory management performance? Lessons learnt from the UK blood
supply chain. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17
(2), 107 – 123.
Taee, M. A. (2013). Mobile-based
interpreter of arterial blood gases using knowledge-based expert system. International
Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, 9 (3), 270 –
288.
The paper specifically associated
with the demonstration of the IP lab with different steps in the in performing
required results. First of all selection of the ICMP Echo request message that
sent by computer for the internet protocol part of the given packet. Such
packets details have shown in the window in essential and adequate manner. The
IP packet header, reveals under the upper layer protocol field which is one dominated
as ICMP (1). The IP header contains bytes that indicated in the length of
header IP field of a protocol of the given trace. The given payload in the IP datagram provides
the 36 bytes.
The main purpose of the lab report
towards IP gives the understanding of the payload IP datagram as well as
payload bytes in an effective manner. The IP packet structure provides the
indication of the header length vs. total length to highlight the data payload.
The fragmentation of IP datagram does not obtain in the given procedure of IP
lab report, which is determined by the flag field on the IP header.
This is shown in the IP header. There are
certain fields in the IP datagram that comes to change from one datagram to the
next under the messages of the ICMAP in the computer. In this regard, header
checksum, identification field and time to live the field recognized as a field
that always changes form one datagram of IP into another.
The fields of stay constant also
demonstrated in the lab of IP to investigate the length and header of IP
datagram. Upper layer protocol, Destination of IP, Header length, version, a
source of IP and differentiated services recognized as a major field that
always constant in given manner. There is strong need to consolidated the pattern
of values for the given identification field towards IP datagram. Such
incremented packet associated with the Identification: 0x3a4a (14922) as well
as Identification: 0x3a48 (14920) and Identification: 0x3a49 (14921).
The value of identification field,
as well as TTL field, also recognized to which is 0*3b8e (15246) and time to
live is 247. Also, the there are certain unchanged values need to be identified
under the IP lab report for the execution of the given results in essential and
adequate manner. The ICMP TTL exceeded due to unique values of identification
field. In this way, two or more IP datagram dominated as same values of
identification. The results reveal that IP datagram fragmented towards the
single large datagram of IP.
The first hop router of TTL is
unchanged; that’s why the field of TTL is unchanged and always same. The overall results outcomes generated under
the demonstration of the first ICMP echo request message and need to change by
packet size in the PINGPLOTTERTO be 2000. The results provide fragmentation of
the IP datagram which is one only IP datagram. The fragmented bit in the field
of flag provides the set which is fragmented in the IP datagram. 1480 bytes
consolidated. The fragmented offset value is 1480 which is not first fragmented
not the flag of fragments set. More
fragments reserved a bit and don’t fragments are not set in the given results.
The fields of IP header consolidated fragments changes between checksum, flags,
total length and fragment offset.
Thus to sum up all discussion about
the IP Lab provides the understanding to the IP datagram and IP header to
obtain required results. The changing fields of the IP header among the
fragments are checksum and fragment offset. The last packet and first two
packets are changed accordingly. The overall summary of the results associated
with the 1500 of total length with fragment bit 1 and last packet of total
length is 54 with fragment bit 0.
Many problems are going on in this
world if we talk about the environmental issues. It can be seen that Global
environment is changing very quickly as there are many things which need to be
taken care in this case. Looking at the major global trends by taking
considerations of the environment we come to know that the pollution is
threatening our world, the water crisis is at the one of the top most level and
the third global environmental threat, which we will discuss. Here is the how
wastages could be reduced taking specifically about the car manufacturers all
over the world (Gore, 2016).
Looking at the first problem, we
can see that pollution is one of the major things, which needs to take control.
If we compare the pollution from the last couple of years, it is increasing day
by day, which is not a good effect on the environment. The industries have been
increased as related to the past, all over it can be seen that pollution is
increasing all over the world (Ji, 2014).
The second Global environmental
trend is looked that the water crisis is at the top. There are many countries
in the world, which are actually in need of the water. There are many cities
the villages that do not have basic clean water to drink. In Asia, it can be
seen that many of the countries are facing this kind of problems especially
India (Damon, 2014).
The third Global trend for the
environmental is the reduction of wastages by the car manufacturers. It can be
seen that the car manufacturers produce tons of waste and it is not good for
the environment at all. It has been seen that not every car manufacturer is up
to the mark and it can be seen that they are polluting the environment maximum (Soufani, Tse, & Esposito, 2014).
Car
manufacturer wastages
It can be seen that here now all
over the globe companies are going towards to save the energy and the
environments so that the consumption could be made less and the wastages could
be reduced for this purpose. It is seen that the carbon composite cars are made
nowadays so that the wastages could be decreased in this case. We have seen
that Aliancys claims that they are making recyclable cars at the most level and
they are converting the materials into the recyclable materials. They also said
that they are doing very good in this case and focusing on the reduction of
wastages as well (Netcomposites.com, 2016).
Discussing more the car
manufacturing companies we come to know that the latest and one of the best car
manufacturers Ford, they have claimed
that they have reduced the water consumptions in their cars. They are saying
that by 2020 they will the company who will not use even 1% of drinking water
for the manufacturing of their vehicles. It is also seen that there are many
processes in the manufacturing of the cars . However, they challenged and told
that they had reduced almost 72% consumption of water in their manufacturing
process. Further, they said that from 2000 till 2015 they had saved the total
of 377 billion liters of water which is the good thing for the environment (Overdrive.in, 2016).
Another example, which we can see
here, is that Kazakhstan has started a Car Recycling Program recently and that
is the good thing, which takes the old cars, and they are replaced by the
materials, which are recyclable. It can be seen that the program has been
started in the 17 cities and this is the good thing as the wastages has been
reduced by this case. Further, we can see that the car companies are working on
it (BALTABAYEVA, 2016).
Water
crisis
It can be seen that water crisis is
one of the global trends the companies are looking on, there are different
companies that are working on the water crisis issue so that it could be made
better. It can be seen that the companies in the Canada are doing so good in
this case that they re-purifying water and sending millions of liters of water
per day to the rest of the world. Many of the companies also do not know what
the actual amount they are giving water to the other companies (Montgomery, 2016).
Looking forward to eradicating the
water crisis the world’s superpower America is also not left behind. It can be
seen, as there are a couple of companies who are doing quite a good thing so
that the environment could be made better. The water tech company has been
fitted, and 11 billion dollar plants have been fitted. The need of these plants
was so that the eater could be purifying again and recycled water could be used
so that the wastages could be reduced and the recycled water could be utilized
in this case. The people of California will be happy for this initiative to get
clean water (Hardcastle, 2016).
It can be seen that in Asia the
leader Alibaba is one of the best
company and they are doing really good in order to remove the water crisis
around the Globe. We can see that the company has set water centers around the
country and the reason behind it is that the population of the country is the
most and they are working on it so that people could get the benefits due to
the clean water. It has also be seen that the Microsoft is also working on the
clean water initiative since 2004 and they are quite successful in that as
well. It can be seen that they are producing 100% renewable energy and this is
the best thing to see (Liu, 2016).
Industrial
pollution
It can be seen that as the economies
are increasing, the population tend to grow as well. We can see that the
developing and the developed countries, both are lacking in this it can be seen that the water pollution,
air pollution is increasing day by day. However, it can be seen that Xylem, is a leading global water
technology company that helped different industries. This time they have given India $1 million so
that they could initiate a plant that could purify the water and the crisis
that can be seen in India as for the water shortages that can be fulfilled in
here (Wateronline.com, 2016).
It can be seen there are many
companies in the world that are doing the great work to have the population
reduced. We take an example of the company named Scotts who have introduced the
nitrogen lawn fertilizers, which in real reduces the pollution up to 50%. It
can be seen that many companies have ordered that already, as they also want to
become a sustainable company in the world and to grow in a positive way. We can
see that the initiates are going in progress also that the pollution could be
reduced at the maximum level. It can be seen that it will also help the
waterways of the country (Pollutiononline.com,
2016).
Looking at the Ford International, we come to know that they are also working quite
well for the sustainability and to reduce the pollution in the country. It can
be seen that per vehicle 25% energy has been reduced in making cars; further
the clean water consumption is also working in the company. Further, it can be
seen that 55.6 million dollars have been spent on the community work so that
the pollution could be reduced and the better world can be seen at the end. (Corporate.ford.com, 2016)
References
BALTABAYEVA, B. (2016). Kazakhstan Approves Car
Recycling Programme. Retrieved October 25, 2016, from
http://astanatimes.com:
http://astanatimes.com/2016/10/kazakhstan-approves-car-recycling-programme/
Corporate.ford.com. (2016). http://corporate.ford.com.
Retrieved October 25, 2016, from OUR PERFORMANCE: http://corporate.ford.com/microsites/sustainability-report-2015-16/index.html
Damon, M. (2014). We must act now before the water
crisis hits. Retrieved October 25, 2016, from https://www.weforum.org:
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2014/11/must-act-now-water-crisis-hits/
Gore, A. (2016). Top 10 trends for the world in
2015. Retrieved October 25, 2016, from https://www.weforum.org:
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2014/11/top-10-trends-world-2015/
Hardcastle, J. L. (2016). Water Treatment, Reuse:
an $11 Billion Opportunity for Water Tech Companies. Retrieved October 25,
2016, from http://www.environmentalleader.com:
http://www.environmentalleader.com/2016/10/06/water-treatment-reuse-an-11-billion-opportunity-for-water-tech-companies/
Ji, Z. (2014). How pollution is threatening our
world. Retrieved October 25, 2016, from https://www.weforum.org:
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2014/11/pollution-top-concern-2015/
Liu, C. (2016). Alibaba leading China’s push for
cleaner data centers. Retrieved October 25, 2016, from https://www.greenbiz.com:
https://www.greenbiz.com/article/alibaba-leading-chinas-push-cleaner-data-centers
Montgomery, M. (2016). Canada, and the world’s,
water crisis Pt-3. Retrieved October 25, 2016, from http://www.rcinet.ca:
http://www.rcinet.ca/en/2016/09/28/canada-and-the-worlds-water-crisis-pt-3/
Netcomposites.com. (2016). Making Carbon Composites
Robust and Fast. Retrieved October 25, 2016, from http://netcomposites.com:
http://netcomposites.com/news/2016/october/18/making-carbon-composites-robust-and-fast/
Overdrive.in. (2016). Ford plans to use zero
drinking water for vehicle manufacturing by 2020. Retrieved October 25,
2016, from http://overdrive.in:
http://overdrive.in/news/ford-plans-to-use-zero-drinking-water-for-vehicle-manufacturing-by-2020/
Pollutiononline.com. (2016). Scotts® Introduces 50%
Slow Release Nitrogen Lawn Fertilizer For All Floridians To Help Protect Local
Waterways. Retrieved October 25, 2016, from http://www.pollutiononline.com:
http://www.pollutiononline.com/doc/scotts-introduces-slow-for-all-floridians-to-help-protect-local-waterways-0001
Soufani, K., Tse, T., & Esposito, M. (2014). How
car manufacturers can reduce waste. Retrieved October 25, 2016, from
https://www.weforum.org:
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/how-car-manufacturers-can-reduce-waste
Wateronline.com. (2016). Xylem Wins $1m USD
Contract For First Wastewater Treatment Plant In Sehore, India. Retrieved
October 25, 2016, from http://www.wateronline.com:
http://www.wateronline.com/doc/xylem-wins-contract-wastewater-treatment-plant-india-0001
Internet banking is the word by which got acces to a new digitalized world
that is based on technology. It can be seen that many of the people are not
much familiar of the word internet banking as it is a new term which is
recently introduced. The reason is that they do not keep themselves up to as
they always look towards the comfort of their life which they do not want to
change at all. However, it can be seen that the internet banking is one of the
important tool and it is the thing which ends to be checked (Yaghoubi, 2010).
It can be
seen that the advanced countries look towards the internet banking facility as
a great way to improve and ease their life. The main thing, which needs to
focus here, is that the internet banking does not require a big PC and the
internet. The fact is that all we needed to access internet banking is the
internet access and then we can do the stuff like online banking. It have been
seen that not only the Pc is the requirement as the internet banking can be
done over the tablets, the phone, or any type of gadgets that needs to be
passed. Internet banking has improved our life and for common person it has
become so easy to manage its banking related activities.
As internet
banking is at its initial stage in most of the developing countries therefore,
there are many problems and resistance in using the internet banking. It have
been noticed that there are many countries in the world that are not focusing
on the internet banking technology such as Malaysia. Moreover it is found that
initially lot of users was attracted towards the internet banking however, with
the passage of time the users of the internet banking have been decreased due
ineffective working of emerging technology.
MCMC (2009)
has reported that during 2007 to 2009, Malaysians increased using Internet from
47.8% to 65.7% respectively. However, according to another study by (Raman and
Annamalai, 2010) it was found that in the year of 2010 the Internet banking
used by Malaysians decreased from 11% to 8%, respectively. Only 23% of the
people in Malaysia utilize Internet banking facility although they are aware of
advantages of using these systems (Ramayah, 2003).
During the
last decade of 20th century, Internet banking facility came into existence to
facilitate the banking needs of banking consumers as quoted by Delft (2013)
from (Jaleshgari, 1999). With the advent of Internet banking, the key to all
the banking need was handed over to the consumer. Now banking clients can
access their transactions summary, transactions statement, check balances and
pay their utility bills etc with the ease of just one click (Delft, 2013).
There are
couple of objective that are attached with the study, we can see that the main
objective of the study is to examines the main reasons of the hindrance in the
Contemporary IT tools needs to be known. People of the country are using
internet banking less therefore, it is aimed to find that why the trend of
internet banking is not attracting people though it offers great facility to
them. Furthermore, the other objective of the study is to find the ways to
overcome the problems that are resisting the people to get advantage from the
internet banking.
There
are many countless ways to use internet for the useful purposes. It is one of
the major thing, which needs to be focused, and one of the most beneficial technologies
that people can use for multiple purposes. People are using internet to
communicate with their friends, for the business communication, for getting
knowledge as well as internet has become a major source of information and
communication which enables the people to get connected from thousand miles and
see each other in real time. Subsequently, using the bank account, making funds
transfer, paying the bills and many others have become possible through use of
internet banking. We have seen that there are many differences in the usage of
internet banking. It have been seen that the level of usage of internet banking
is not same in every part of the world. It has seen that some of the modern
countries or the non-Asian states are far better and advanced in the internet
banking (Laukkanen, 2016).
One
of the other problem that is resisting people to use internet banking is the
users are not satisfied with the services of the bank that they have been
provided in the name of internet banking. It needs to be checked that many of
the customers are not willing to move from the traditional banking to the
online internet banking. There are many reasons that people do not want that at
all, However, it can be seen that the internet banking needs to be enhanced in
the reason behind it that the best thing what we can see is the ease that have
been provided by the internet banking. It has a negative impact on the economy
that the people of the country are not using the internet banking at all (Asad, 2016).
It
can be seen that there is also an effect of the globalization index because
from here we can see that many people in the country are connected to the
internet and it can be seen that if people are not using the internet banking
in the country then they cannot compete well all over the world. It have been
also seen that if they move to the other country there would be issues that is
the reason the issues that are in between they need to be checked in this case (Khater, 2013).
It have been seen that unawareness is the big problem that
creates the issues for consumers that they are not using the internet banking
as they are have no idea about the interrner so they do not have trsut on
internet banking. The main thing which has been seen in between the people is
that many of them actually do not know that what is the internet banking and
what are its features. For this purpose if the internet banking Customers would
say that they are looking for an bank that provide the good services at all.
The problem seen is that the internet banking is very good at different countries
but the point to notice is that the awareness is not up to the mark (Sakshi,
2012
It can be seen that the awareness needed to be created among
the potential customers. They need to give the awareness to the Customers so
that they do not feel the hesitation in using the internet bankig technlogy. We
have also noticed that many of the researchers have also said that the
awareness is the major issue in the developing countries. It is also noticed
that many customers are not much educated and they do not know how to learn and
write. This is the point and the issue due to which there are many peole who
are are afraid of using interne banking (Wadie, 2011)
Looking
at the reasons for the less use of internet banking, it is found that many of
them do not know about internet and its usefulness. However, it can be seen
that in the USA, UK, and the European countries internet banking is used as a
great source because people have full awareness about the uses and benefits of
it. It has been seen that some of the Asian countries including China, Japan,
Malaysia, Pakistan, India, and other countries, the awareness level of the
internet banking is not too good as compare to some of the European or the
American countries (Padachi, 2010).
Main
reason is that the awareness needs to be created so that the common citizen of
the country would know what the real situation is and how it can be formed in
the better way. Therefore, it can be seen that the awareness is the fact, which
is needed to be increased, and due to this the usage of internet banking will
be increased (Chaoualia & Yahia, 2016).
Here we can see that the author emphasizes that awareness needs to be increased
in order to achieve the desire goal related to the internet technology..
It can be seen in various studies that one of the main
problem is that the internet banking is not easy to use. It can be seen that
there are many issues in the usage of the internet banking. It has been coming
in many researchers that the internet banking is not so easy in the area and
the reason behind it is that the best of the best thing wanted to go through.
Further it have been mentioned on the file that what are the issues that are
prevailing in the account. Many people have told that they are not working with
the internet banking and the reason behind it is that they are not comfortable
with that in the similar way as they are with the traditional banking
(Yaghoubi, 2010)
We
can see that in the many studies it have been mentioned that the easy is not
there for the people so that they could use the internet banking. Here it can
be seen that the main reasons behind that is we need to look at the points,
which will be at the constant point. Further it is looking at the easily
availability needs to be make sure so that the main aim of the internet banking
could be made sustainable and the main idea of the theory remain constant (Takieddine, 2015).
It
has been seen that looking at the internet banking adoption is an easy access
is one of the major reason that is shown. Obviously, everyone in this world
needs the better position and they are looking for the best and the
convenience. However, the reason they are not using or utilizing that is the
ease of access. There are many reasons that have been noticed in as there are
many communities and groups that are needed to use the internet banking but
they cannot. The reason behind that is that the internet is not available.
Maybe they are living in the country or the area where the ease of the
resources are not available or there could be other problems (Muzividzi, 2013).
Therefore,
we need to check that what the real problem is and why it is being ignored
regarding the internet banking. There is communities in the world that can be
seen are not educated well or are in their old age. If we specifically talk
about them, we come to know that they are less educated or they are not willing
to change their patterns. Here we can see that the education plays an important
role in this aspect. The point, which needs to be noted, is that they do not
feel that it will relief their life (Montazemi,
2013).
They
actually feel that this is the complex thing, this will bring the changes to
their account, and that is the reason they are afraid of this internet banking.
The awareness needs to be there for that this problem could be eliminated and
the best purposes that are in the practice could be should be in the
implementation phase so that the best of all the internet banking in the world
could be enhanced (Hanafizadeh, 2014). Looking
at the above statements, we come to know that authors have also stated that the
ease is one of the variables that need to be taken care of.
Security conflicts assocaited with the intenet are the majore
concerns therefore most of the people do not want to add their personal
information over the internet. It can be seen that there are many frauds all
over have happned through the internet and it can be said that this is the
reason people are not comfortable with internet banking. There are many things
which have been seen that the transfer of funds electronically does not mean
anything to the community. What the main problem is that they are not satisfied
that they need to transfer funds and they do not have any physical receipt.
This is the major issue and these kind of problems does prevails in here as
people do not trust the internet as the hackers are always around and the trust
factor comes in between it (Sakshi Agrawal, 2012)
Security
issues over the privacy are the main reasons that people are not living their
lives to the full. It has been noticed that in the internet banking the threat
is quite greater than the physical existence of the person. It has been seen in
the past many hackers that are over the internet and doing frauds. This is the
main reason which can be seen in the internet banking that people do not trust
that and they are on the back step for using the internet services and giving
the passwords for them. This scenario has been checked, as many persons do not
like that at all. Obviously there are many persons who are not using the
internet banking due to the security threats and do not give card numbers over
the phone or the web (Yee & Faziharudean,
2010).
They
are actually the people who want to lay very safe and instead of learning more
about the technology they are dependent on other as their education level is
very low. It is a fact that in today’s world website is not so secure and
anything can happen over it. However, there are chances that some kind of
mishap could happen and the customer’s money could be stolen of transferred and
so on. It has been seen that many researchers have been some according to the
main security reasons. It can be seen that there are many frauds that have been
going on in the world. We can see that no one wants to lose their money in real
and this is what the real matter is people do not trust the online thing as
they do not know the processes that are involved into it (Daneshgadeh, 2014).
Many
researchers have been published in this regards that there is not much trust
among the people for internet banking at all. The reason behind it is, they do
not want anyone to involve in their transactions over the internet and they
prefer to go to banks, to the physical transactions and by doing this they are
much more comfortable and they are happy for that too (Devi, 2010). As said by different authors we come to know that security
is one of the main issues that need to be resolved to achieve the desire level.
It can be seen that web keeping money is generally used by
the developed nations. Nonetheless, it has been seen that there are numerous
Asian or the African nations that can be seen the web saving money is not up to
the imprint. It can be seen that web managing an account is not all that
acquainted with the general population who don’t have enough training or they
don’t have a great part of the assets. This thing should be watched that what
to do and what not to do. Nonetheless, it is said that the a portion of the
assets don’t have enough attention to the web managing an account in the
nation. Clench hand toward the end it should be watched that what the primary
issues that there are confronting are. Large portions of the measurements have
been seen that what are the fundamental issues that the principle web can be
said that in would be so finished also (Al-Smadi, 2012).
There are different nations such as developed and developing
nations and in devloped nations people feel secure to use interne such USA, UK,
Europeans. We have to see that what are the elements have really impact the
high use of web saving money and it can be seen that in a portion of the low
monetary nations the low utilization of web saving money have been watched.
Taking a gander at this we can see that what is the fundamental issue and what
viewpoints do they have or what sorts of issues they have what truly should be
done in here (Martinsa, Oliveiraa, & Popoviča, 2014).
The research
methodology is the most important part in research that can make the base of
the research. As we have examined through study that independent variables and
awareness ease the use of internet and improves its security. We will study
here about the relation between the independent and dependent variables that
are the main cause of the hindrance of internet banking in the Malaysian and in
some developing countries. We have arranged questionnaires to see the response
of the public through the quantities analyses. Based on the result of this
questionnaire, we can make some decisions to prevent problem of using internet
banking.
In
this section, we will examine the effective use of internet banking in detail
as well as the main issue in the banking sector will also be analyzed as the Internet
banking is the main purpose of our study. We are going to use a questionnaire
to find the reasons and to get results regarding the research. The main issue
in this study is “The main purposes or reasons
that are preventing the customer from buying his her desired products and
services online which is called the internet banking”.
It
is clear in this study that the questionnaire is being used for the study of a
low trend of the internet banking and the work on this topic is quantitative in
fact. We will find the result by entering this data in the SPSS, about the
causes of a reduction in the internet banking. We will find the result through tests
for example correlation, regression, PCA and through some other techniques.
This will show the impact of the independent variable on the dependent
variable.
This
questionnaire is actually based on the 3 steps through which we will find out
the relation between independent and dependent variables. Under this section,
each and every variable has three different questions which are analyzed by the
way. In the questionnaire, we also have some demographics. This is because we
want to know the information regarding the topic from the respondents.
Here
we have used Customers and employees as the sample. These Customers and employees
are working and dealing with the banking sector in Malaysia. We have chosen 300
bank Customers associated with different banks in the Malaysia. The banks that
are involved in this research are many some of those are, Standard Chartered
Bank and Citibank.
Let
us have a look at the data we have gathered through filling questionnaires by
the Customers associated within the different banks of Malaysia. We have tried
to use the easiest way to collect the samples and to find the respondents
easily to continue our work.
The
main source we have used to continue our work process is Data collection. We
have collected all data from different distinctions that all are banks. These
banks include Standard Chartered Bank and Citibank. Some other banks are also
included in the list of these banks that are being used for the research. All
the respondents that are used in the research of why internet banking is not
attracting the customer are those who are working in the banks. Some others are
used who have experience of working in the banks for at least one year. During
this research, we have to know that the respondents are well educated and well
experienced and they can help us to get the result of our research. Some of the
questionnaires are collected online by talking to the respondents or by sending
them a questionnaire file. Some others are being asked questions live and data
has been collected finally.
It is very clear in the study of the topic that Ease of
Use, Security and Awareness all are independent variables. We will see here the
relationship between dependent variables and independent variables to find out
the reasons of reduction or low usage of the internet banking. In our research,
we have used 3 different variables that are independent and in the
questionnaire. There are 6 different questions in each of the variables. This
will explain the reasons more effectively and in more detail. Under this study
of the low usage of internet banking It is realized that they are the Likert
Scale, which starts with agree, strongly agree, neutral, disagree and strongly
disagree. To find the relationship we have analyzed through SPSS and through
different tests and questions to find the result which the relationship between
independent and dependent variables.
Under
this study, we have conducted a pre-test, which includes 25 respondents. The
reason behind this pre-test was to identify if the variables and questionnaire
are valid to understand the reason behind the low usage of internet banking or
not. After assessing the reliability of the variables and questionnaire, we had
a reliability analysis, which indicated us that the variable is highly strong
and that the Cronbach’s Alpha is closer to the value 1. This analysis gives us
more confidence that now we can apply this to our study. However, it is certain
and we are sure for now that our questionnaire and variables are more valid and
reliable. This study gives us a result that our pre-test conducted successfully
and the value comes out which is 0.712. After this success, we can go forward
for more tests.
We
are going to do some more tests and after these tests, we will apply results of
these tests on the study. After the application of these tests, we found that
PCA is most important in the study so the variables can be absorbed. The reason
behind this phenomenon is that we have to put these questions in one variable
so that it may be used in different tests. We have to apply the battles test in
the study and the factors which are loading under this study program this is
only the basic reason to compress the variable to have the true result of our
study.
By moving forward, we need to run the correlation in this
study during descriptive analysis. This descriptive analysis will give us some
figures of how many individual variable effects on a dependent variable.
Whereas the direction and the strength of the value are indicating that, how
much an independent variable affects a dependent variable. After assessment of
this all, we will go for the regression to apply it to the study matters so
that we can analyze the pressure of the independent variable all over on
dependent variables and the result will appear in percentage. After this
process, the results will insignificance of a percentage that how much an independent
variable can affect the dependent variable.
Questionnaires and the quantitative data have been used
for the paper. The results are showing that there are some descriptive and
frequency tables that are different and are involved in this process to reach
the result. In this study process, we come to know that reliability is applied.
After that, the coefficient analysis, regression, and the correlation will be
applied on the results.
In this study we have used
300 respondents mainly from the banks of Malaysia. Different tests have
applied. Correlation, reliability, regression and frequencies are shown the
details are below.
The analysis of demographics
can be seen with frequency tables and the bar charts
Gender
Frequency
value
Percentage
Valid
Percentage
Cumulative
Percentage
Valid
FEMALE,
145
48.3
48.3
48.3
MALE.
155
51.7
51.7
100.0
Total
300
100.0
100.0
It can be seen there were 145
females and 155 males have participated in study.
age
Frequency
value
Percentage
Valid
Percentage
Cumulative
Percentage
Valid
LESS
THAN 18
48
16.0
16.0
16.0
18-25
104
34.7
34.7
50.7
26-39
106
35.3
35.3
86.0
GREATER
THAN 39
42
14.0
14.0
100.0
Total
300
100.0
100.0
Here looking at the age slabs
we can see that 48 people are in less than 18, 104 in between 18-25, 106 in
between 26-39 and 42 are greater than 39.
Monthly
income
Frequency
value
Percentage
Valid
Percentage
Cumulative
Percentage
Valid
<RM1,001
64
21.3
21.3
21.3
RM1,001
– RM2,002
83
27.7
27.7
49.0
RM2,002
– RM3,003
102
34.0
34.0
83.0
RM3,003
– RM5,999
51
17.0
17.0
100.0
Total
300
100.0
100.0
Looking at monthly income 64
people lies in less than 1000, 83 lies in between 1000-2000, 102 people lie in
between 2000-3000 and 51 lies in between 3000-6000.
education
Frequency
value
Percentage
Valid
Percentage
Cumulative
Percentage
Valid
GRADUATE
42
14.0
14.0
14.0
UNDERGRADUATE
109
36.3
36.3
50.3
A
LEVEL
103
34.3
34.3
84.7
NONE
46
15.3
15.3
100.0
Total
300
100.0
100.0
Looking at the education, we come to know that 42 are
graduate, 109 are undergraduate, 103 are A-level and 46 do not have education.
nationality
Frequency
value
Percentage
Valid
Percentage
Cumulative
Percentage
Valid
International
135
45.0
45.0
45.0
Malaysian
national
165
55.0
55.0
100.0
Total
300
100.0
100.0
Here 165 people are Malaysian
and 135 are international in the research
Current
daily responsibilities
Frequency
value
Percentage
Valid
Percentage
Cumulative
Percentage
Valid
Doing
Job
144
48.0
48.0
48.0
As
a Student
156
52.0
52.0
100.0
Total
300
100.0
100.0
The
current daily responsibilities of the people are they do job (144) and as a
student there are 156 respondents.
The
contemporary information technology tools that are used by the bank to
facilitate are up to the mark.
Frequency
value
Percentage
Valid
Percentage
Cumulative
Percentage
Valid
Somehow
65
21.7
21.7
21.7
Always
82
27.3
27.3
49.0
Never
82
27.3
27.3
76.3
Don’t
know
71
23.7
23.7
100.0
Total
300
100.0
100.0
By asking about the facilitation 65 says somehow, 82 says
always, 82 says never and 71 says do not know.
Which
IT tool is the best as far performance is concerned.
Frequency
value
Percentage
Valid
Percentage
Cumulative
Percentage
Valid
Internet
Website
65
21.7
21.7
21.7
Mobile
banking
88
29.3
29.3
51.0
Sms
banking
106
35.3
35.3
86.3
Other
41
13.7
13.7
100.0
Total
300
100.0
100.0
65 says best IT tool is internet website, 88 says mobile
banking, 106 says Sms banking and 41 says other reasons.
In
your opinion, what tool needs to be improved so that customer could be
satisfied?
Frequency
value
Percentage
Valid
Percentage
Cumulative
Percentage
Valid
Sms
banking
44
14.7
14.7
14.7
Email
and internet services
123
41.0
41.0
55.7
Mobile
application
84
28.0
28.0
83.7
All
of above
49
16.3
16.3
100.0
Total
300
100.0
100.0
Here 44 says that Sms banking needs to be improved, 123 says
email and internet services, 84 says mobile application and 49 says all of
above.
Customer
engagement can be improved by
Frequency
value
Percentage
Valid
Percentage
Cumulative
Percentage
Valid
Improving
services
52
17.3
17.3
17.3
Giving
incentives
89
29.7
29.7
47.0
Giving
monetary incentives
106
35.3
35.3
82.3
All
of above
53
17.7
17.7
100.0
Total
300
100.0
100.0
52 says that CE can be improved by improving services, 89
says that by giving incentives, 106 says by monetary incentives and 53 says all
of above.
Now further S.D and mean values have
been given of all variables
Awareness
Descriptive
Statistics
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation
There
is not much awareness to the customers
300
3.1156
1.17829
Awareness
needs to be enhanced among people
300
3.0444
1.20926
Customers
needs to have the awareness of the Internet tools
300
3.0711
1.22995
There
is not much awareness to the customers
300
3.1156
1.17829
Awareness
needs to be enhanced among people
300
3.0444
1.20926
Customers
needs to have the awareness of the Internet tools
300
3.0711
1.22995
Valid
N (listwise)
300
Here
in the descriptive analysis, we can see that the independent variable that has
been used in the study is Awareness, we can see that all 300 respondents have
given their answers in here. The minimum value recorded is 1 and the maximum
value that has been recorded is the 5. Further, the mean and standard deviation
can be seen that they are in between these values as 1.17829, 1.20926, 1.22995,
1.17829, 1.20926 and 1.22995.
Ease of Use
Descriptive
Statistics
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Internet
banking is not easy to use
300
3.0133
1.18954
Ease
of access is not common in the country
300
2.9022
1.16468
Looking
at IT tools they are difficult to use
300
2.9111
1.22150
Internet
banking is not easy to use
300
3.0133
1.18954
Ease
of access is not common in the country
300
2.9022
1.16468
Looking
at IT tools they are difficult to use
300
2.9111
1.22150
Valid
N (listwise)
300
Here
in the descriptive analysis, we can see that the independent variable that has
been used in the study is Ease of Use, we can see that all 300 respondents have
given their answers in here. The minimum value recorded is 1 and the maximum
value that has been recorded is the 5. Further, the mean and standard deviation
can be seen that they are in between these values as 1.18954, 1.16468, 1.22150,
1.18954, 1.16468 and 1.22150.
Security
Descriptive
Statistics
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation
There
is a threat of security as private information is there
300
2.8889
1.18061
Security
issues is the big threat to us
300
3.0356
1.24949
Security
over the internet is not a safe thing
300
2.9333
1.23201
There
is a threat of security as private information is there
300
2.8889
1.18061
Security
issues is the big threat to us
300
3.0356
1.24949
Security
over the internet is not a safe thing
300
2.9333
1.23201
Valid
N (listwise)
300
Here
in the descriptive analysis, we can see that the independent variable that has
been used in the study is Security, we can see that all 300 respondents have
given their answers in here. The minimum value recorded is 1 and the maximum
value that has been recorded is the 5. Further, the mean and standard deviation
can be seen that they are in between these values as 1.18061, 1.24949, 1.23201,
1.18061, 1.24949 and 1.23201.
Now we will check the
reliability of the study so that the questions and the variables that are taken
could be validated. It is said that the values must be above that 0.70 as it is
accepted after that.
Now correlation have
been applied to see what is the effect of independent variables on the low
internet banking
Awareness
Correlations
Awareness
Low_Internet
Awareness
Pearson
Correlation
1
.547
Sig.
(2-tailed)
.000
N
300
300
Low_Internet
Pearson
Correlation
.547
1
Sig.
(2-tailed)
.000
N
300
300
For Awareness, the data is significant as it is 0.00 and the
relation is positive in between both variables as well, which is .547. Here the
strength between the variables is strong.
Ease of Use
Correlations
Low_Internet
Ease_of_access
Low_Internet
Pearson
Correlation
1
.445
Sig.
(2-tailed)
.000
N
300
300
Ease_of_access
Pearson
Correlation
.445
1
Sig.
(2-tailed)
.000
N
300
300
For Ease of Use, the data is significant as it is 0.00 and
the relation is positive in between both variables as well, which is .445. Here
the strength between the variables is Modetrate.
Security
Correlations
Low_Internet
Security
Low_Internet
Pearson
Correlation
1
.388
Sig.
(2-tailed)
.000
N
300
300
Security
Pearson
Correlation
.388
1
Sig.
(2-tailed)
.000
N
300
300
For Security, the data is significant as it is 0.00 and the
relation is positive in between both variables as well, which is .388. Here the
strength between the variables is Modetrate.
Here the coefficients can be
seen that the standard error of every variable is less than 1. Further, the
significance value of all can be seen that it is less than 0.05, which says the
values are significant. Here by looking at the values of the beta we come to
know that there is a positive relationship between all the variables. The
reason is that all the values are positive in here. Further, the standard error
is also minimum and the significance value is less than 0.05 as well.
If we look at the above hypothesis, we come to know that the
H1 are accepted in here and that is the reason we can say that there is strong
effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable.
Only computer literate
banking clients of Scope International were eligible to participate in our
survey since the purpose of this study is to understand the factors, which
contribute to limited Internet banking usage. Further, we can say that the
sample size is limited up to 300 only. The study is conducted in Malaysia only
that is the reason we cannot say that the study can be generalized worldwide.
However, this is only quantitative study and some more variables could be
explored so that it could have better impact.
Couples of recommendations are
given to improve the internet banking usage in Malaysia. It can be seen that the
study could be useful for the bank owners to grow the business through internet
banking as they have realized that it is very important to create awareness
among the people regarding the benefits of internet banking. People should be
more concerned about the internet banking as it is increasing throughout the globe.
Further, there is needed to be more focused to communicate the people about the
features and advantages of internet banking.
Now focusing on the
conclusion of the study, it is concluded that the main thing, which needs to be
focused is that there is a positive effect of the independent variables on the
dependent variables on the study. Looking at the regression, we can see that
there is 61.6% effect in here. Moreover, it is found that the interment banking
has great potential to grow in Malaysia but there is need to manage and resolve
the issues such as developing trust among the consumers by communicating them
about the features and benefits of the Internet banking. Most importantly, it
is needed to take the people in trust by making sure about the security and
praivcy of internet banking. Further it can also be seen that the variables
that have been discussed in the paper needs to be focused if the internet banking
needs to be increased in the country.
References
Asad, M. M. (2016). Prioritizing
Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction in the Internet Banking System Based on
Cause and Effect Relationships. Procedia Economics and Finance ,
210-219.
Al-Smadi, D. M. (2012). Factors
Affecting Adoption of Electronic Banking: An Analysis of the Perspectives of
Banks’ Customers. International Journal of Business and Social Science ,
294-309.
Chaoualia, W., & Yahia, I. B.
(2016). The interplay of counter-conformity motivation, social influence, and
trust in customers’ intention to adopt Internet banking services: The case of
an emerging country. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 28,
209–218.
Daneshgadeh, S. (2014). Empirical
Investigation of Internet Banking Usage: The Case of Turkey. Procedia
Technology, 16, 322-331.
Devi, T. (2010). World Journal of
Science, Technology and Sustainable Development . World Journal of Science,
Technology and Sustainable Development , 12-24.
Hanafizadeh, P. (2014). A systematic
review of Internet banking adoption. Telematics and Informatics, 31
(3), 492–510.
Khater, A. H. (2013). Factors
Influencing Customers’ Acceptance of Internet Banking Services in Sudan . International
Journal of Science and Research , 1-22.
Laukkanen, T. (2016). Consumer
adoption versus rejection decisions in seemingly similar service innovations:
The case of the Internet and mobile banking. Journal of Business Research, 69 (7), 2432–2439.
Muzividzi, D. K. (2013). AN ANALYSIS
OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE INTERNET BANKING ADOPTION AMONG INTELLECTUALS. INTERDISCIPLINARY
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS , 15-30.
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Affecting Internet Banking Pre-Usage Expectation Formation. Hawaii
International Conference on System Sciences , 1-18.
Martinsa, C., Oliveiraa, T., &
Popoviča, A. (2014). Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified
theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application. International
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Yee, B. Y., & Faziharudean, T.
(2010). Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty of Using Internet Banking in
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159-165.
putting all these values in the forward
Euler method
[(-1)2 – 4(0)(-1)+
(0)2 – 4(-1) + (0) – 3]
Now
by taking t=1 and
now
we can change in the so the value of t=0 and
the put in main equation
now
we taking with these values and find the answer
so
its showing by increasing the step size of the by one by one its change the
values all the answer showed above.
Question 2:
using forward and backward Euler the
solution of the initial value problem
Solution:
Firstly same as we find the for forward Euler method
for t=0, and
By using the forward Euler method
for t=1, and
for t=0, and
for t=1, and
Error of the function
X1 = 1.2+0.1[2]
X2 = 1.419+0.1[2 ]
X1 = 1.4+0.2[2 ]
X2 = 1.873+0.2[2 ]
For the backward Euler
method formula
At the t=0 and
Xn+1 =
x1 =1.18
At t=1 and
X2 =1.36
At t=0 and
X1 =1.51
now for the t=1 and
X2 =1.83
Error of Euler
method
Question 3:
Investigate
numerically what happened as you take above part.
Solution;
suppose x(t0) = 0.1
X1 =0.332
At t=0 and
X1 =0.186
the upper
numerical values shows all the smaller values for tht x(to). So all the result
showing each of things happening
Question 4:
solution:
when we taking the
values become the smaller then the values giving the point of exact answers
mean that which is giving the batter result as the picard iteration is showing
it. So its gives the exaltation values.
What is the difference between cardiac Autorhythmic cells and cardiac
myocytes? Draw out and label action potentials for each.
Autorhythmic cells are
responsible for action potential and contraction within the cardiac muscle
cells. A majority of the muscle cells are contractile in nature and the
Autorhythmic cells are present in these areas including Atrioventricualr node
and Sinoatrial node. On the other hand, Cardiac Myocytes are also known as
muscle cell and is found within the muscle tissue. These are long and tubular
cells that are developed from myoblasts to develop muscles in the process which
is named as myogenesis (Kerckhoffs 2010).
Summarize what the Wigger’s diagram is showing. Do your best to fill it
out, but you do not need to turn it in. Bring a copy to class, as we will
review
Source: http://www.justfordocs.com/Wiggers.asp
Wigger’s Diagram is a
standard diagram which is used in cardiac physiology. The X-axis has time and
the Y-axis shows the blood pressure including; Atrial pressure, Aortic pressure
and Ventricular pressure. This axis also shows ventricular volume and
electrocardiogram. The options of depicting heart sounds and arterial flow can
also be used. If the coordinated values of these items ate illustrated a
relationship can be easily developed within the cardiac cycle (Aaronson, Ward and Connolly 2012).
Draw out one cardiac cycle of an electrocardiogram. Label the
waves-segments. Identify what is occurring during each wave or segment
In your own words provide a definition of preload and afterload
Preload is also called
LVEDP or Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure and is the level of stretch at
the diastole end in the left ventricle. On the other hand, Afterload is called
SVR or Systematic Vascular Resistance. It is the level of resistance that the
heart must face when opening the aortic valve and push the blood in to
circulatory system (Kerckhoffs 2010).
Identify two effects of sympathetic stimulation on the heart
The two effects of
sympathetic stimulation on the heart include; an increase in the heart rate
which is also known as positive chronotrpic effect and another effect is an
acceleration of atrioventricular conduction which is also known as positive
dromotropic effect (Aaronson, Ward and Connolly
2012).
References
Aaronson, Philip I., Jeremy P. T. Ward, and Michelle J.
Connolly. The Cardiovascular System at a Glance. John Wiley & Sons,
2012.
Kerckhoffs, Roy C.P. Patient-Specific Modeling of the
Cardiovascular System: Technology-Driven Personalized Medicine. Springer
Science & Business Media, 2010.
In this
simulation reflection, after completing the simulation, we have came to know
that there are various decision parameters and attributes that contribute
towards the results. The decision parameters include scope, target, size of the
team, the skill level and skill set of the team, the amount of the task that
has been outsourced, the target completion deadline, time that has been spent
in the team meetings and given overtime to the team members. The
characteristics of the team include the ability
to handle the pressure, the level of morale and the rates at which the mistakes
are made as well as the ability to identify and eliminate those mistakes.
All these
decision parameters and team attributes are inter-related with each other. Team
size and the skill level of each team member has a huge role to play in
reducing the rate of mistakes and if there is any mistake made it will also be
rectified quickly. This directly influences the project outcome and reduces the
costs that are incurred during the project as well. If the team members are
highly skilled, they will be able to detect any issues in the process and
operations as well. These issues are contributing towards the costs. Hence
highly skillful team also detects the
issues within the process before they even occur and this improves the
operations and also helps in reducing the project completion time enabling the
team to complete the project well before the timeline.
Another aspect we found from the simulations
was, if the morale of the team members is high, they will be able to complete
the project well before time as they will be working hard towards completion of
the target. The stress level of the team members is also a major contributor to
this aspect. If the team members feel stressed and they don’t get enough rest,
or they have too much work burden on them, then they will not be able to
perform as per the requirements of the project. The team size directly
influences the whole process because will fewer
team members there will be a lot more work burden on them and they will feel
stressed. When the team members are stressed, the rate of the mistakes will
automatically rise. However, too many team members can prove to be costly as
well, and this is where outsourcing comes into
play its part, but too much outsourcing will deprive the team members of their skills utilization hence,
there has to be a perfect balance between the two. Therefore, we can easily
understand that all of these decision parameters are directly linked with the
team attributes to achieve positive project outcomes.
The best
strategy that works each time is focusing on the team attributes. The team
members are the most valuable asset in any project, and if they are not
satisfied, then it will not be possible to complete the project in time and
with lesser mistakes as well. The most effective strategy is to compensate the
team members and encourage them at every stage. Providing the team members with
incentives will motivate them, and this will enhance their performance. The
strategy that didn’t work out at all was directing the team members without any
regular team meetings. Training has a huge role to play, and this enables the team member to sharpen their
skills. If the project managers can provide regular on spot training and
guidance, this will have a very positive impact on the project outcome.
In my opinion,
effective compensation regular guidance and motivation are the three most
important factors that contribute to the
success of any project. These factors keep all the aspects and elements well
aligned and directed. However, with that being said, training and motivation, as well as proper compensation all,
depends on upon the skill level of the
team member. If after proper compensation as well as training the team members
are not able to develop the required set of skills for the project then the
team members that have been selected are not right for the job. The team
members should have the experience and expertise for the project, and if there
are any deficiencies, then they will be covered with the help of training while
compensation enables them to develop some motivation.
Sleep is an integral part of our life. To keep our
body moving and stress-free, we should complete our regular sleep. As for the
adults, the suggested hours of sleep are 8. While there is variation in the
sleeping hours for the teenagers and children. But this we know that only the
person who sleeps well can focus on his or her work in real life. Sleep help
the person to relax mind and body muscle it is the natural phenomenon without
we can’t live a healthy life. Mostly this policy is made for the children because
they are most sensitive one and they are mostly become a victim of the SIDS
which is known as the Sudden Infant Syndrome. That’s why there is a policy
established to prevent the sudden death of infant child. The policy contains
the following important points:
To reduce the risk of SIDS back to back, sleep is very important for
the infant children. But don’t let the kids sleep in the side position as it is
not safe for them.
A pacifier should be used at the nap or bedtime. One thing to make sure
while using the pacifier is that it should not have the cord or any mechanism
attached with it.
The safety standards should be followed while purchasing the bed or
sheet for the babies. As they should sleep on the firm place.
The sudden suffocation is also the reason of SIDS so keep the soft
things like the pillow or loose bedding away from the kid. Just like that keep
any object that could increase the risk of strangulation.
Blankets can cause suffocation so while babies are sleeping don’t use
blankets, sheets and big clothing to cover them. Just use the sleep sacks and
sleepers as they are the best alternative for that.
Don’t make two kids to sleep in one crib as this can increase the risk
of SIDS. So it’s best to use the crib for one baby at the time.
Room temperature matters a lot while sleeping as it should be normal
neither too cold or hot. But make sure that the humidity level of the room is
at the constant level as this can increase the risk of SIDS.
Wedges are mostly used to keep the infant in the position while
sleeping, but it is not valid that either they reduce the risks of SIDS or not.
It’s better not to use such kind of things.
Smoking is the biggest danger for the infants so never allow anyone to
smoke in the baby room. Because the smoke causes suffocation in the room if
there is no proper ventilation system.
Teach everyone either at home or hospital how to deal
with the sleeping policy. Make sure the policy is implemented for each kid. The
safe sleep policy helps to increase the health of the infants. Above are the
major points of the safe sleep policy which should be followed because 5% of
infant deaths occur due to SIDS. So it should be avoided as much it can be.
